Heidelberg University Publishing

Quel rapport entre l’Antiquité grecque et le monde d’aujourd’hui? Quelles relations entre les analyses académiques d’un chercheur, ses convictions et sa vie dans la cité? Entre une réflexion sur la manière dont les personnages d’Homère et de la tragédie grecque, perçus comme parangons de l’»homme grec«, prennent des décisions à des moments cruciaux et l’engagement d’intellectuels pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale en France et en Allemagne? Entre Bruno Snell, philologue allemand, nourri d’idéalisme winckelmannien et d’une pratique scientifique héritée de Wilamowitz, et Jean-Pierre Vernant, philosophe et anthropologue marxiste français? Ce livre montre en nuances comment ces domaines et ces personnes qui semblent éloignés les uns des autres se rencontrent, se reflètent et se répondent. 

What is the relationship between Greek antiquity and today's world? What is the connection between the academic analyses of a researcher, his convictions and his life as a citizen? Between a reflection on the way in which the characters of Homer and Greek tragedy make decisions at crucial moments, and the engagement of intellectuals during the Second World War in France and Germany? Between Bruno Snell, a German Greek scholar steeped in Winckelmannian idealism and a scientific practice inherited from Wilamowitz, and Jean-Pierre Vernant, a French Marxist anthropologist and philosopher? This book shows in nuance how these seemingly distant fields meet, reflect and respond to each other.

The stimulating polarity of religion and law has determined the history of Christianity from the very beginning. In the Middle Ages, it is associated with the struggle between spiritual and secular power and, since the Reformation, with the dispute between the emerging denominations. Not least because of this, there is a constant interplay between secularizing tendencies and efforts to intensify religion. Both have an effect on the development of the law, often catalytically reinforcing or accelerating it, in some situations even providing a stimulus, but sometimes also inhibiting it. In the coexistence of these polarities, the peculiarity of Western Christianity becomes visible.

This study explores how the understanding of the Byzantine emperor as a sacred or divine figure changed in the Middle Byzantine period. It is based on close readings and studies of three medieval Passion relics held in Constantinople: the Mandylion, the relic-reliquary ensemble of the Limburg Staurotheke; and the Holy Stone. Accompanied by English-language translations  of medieval Greek source texts pertaining to these relics, Sprecher demonstrates that the Passion relics in this period served to focus and narrow an understanding of the emperor not only as divinely appointed and anointed ruler, but also in surprising ways as being somehow divine himself.

Questa raccolta di saggi, frutti di ricerche svolte da Arnold Esch e Ludwig Schmugge nell’arco di oltre trent’anni, esplora le fonti provenienti dall’archivio della Penitenzieria apostolica, il supremo tribunale della Chiesa cattolica in materia di indulgenze e dispense. Più precisamente, si tratta dei registri di tutte le suppliche che, arrivate da tutto il mondo della cristianità latina, vennero accolte positivamente. Che tipo di fonti sono e perché andrebbero studiate? Come sono state scoperte e rese accessibili alla ricerca? Quali nuove prospettive si aprono attraverso la loro analisi? Dalle risposte dei due autori si possono trarre interessanti suggerimenti.

This volume of selected essays by Arnold Esch and Ludwig Schmugge, the fruit of over thirty years of research, deals with sources from the archives of the Apostolic Penitentiary, the Catholic Church’s supreme tribunal of penitence and mercy – more precisely, with the registers that this ‚dicastery‘ kept on petitions from all regions of Latin Christendom, which were positively decided upon by it. What new perspectives does their analysis open up? The contributions by both authors provide answers and suggestions to these questions.

The title 'Medieval urban history/stories' evokes the dual meaning of the word as an event and as a narrative. On the one hand, it is about the event itself, and on the other, about what is reported and narrated about this event, i.e. urban historiography and the literature produced in the city. This anthology brings together contributions that examine the representation of the city in literature, art and historiography as well as a specifically urban culture in the Middle Ages and early modern period. To this end, sources are selected from the extensive corpus in which topography and institutions, buildings and inhabitants are explicitly addressed and become the subject of narration, praise and historical representation. The aim is to combine older approaches to social history with more recent ones, such as imagological approaches. 

Entre le milieu des années 1840 et la guerre franco-prussienne de 1870–1871, la ville thermale de Baden-Baden s’est imposée comme la première destination à la mode en Europe et comme un carrefour interculturel majeur. L’influence française particulièrement marquée a valu à la ville, des deux côtés du Rhin, la réputation de » colonie française « et de » filiale de Paris «, même si cela a été interprété de manières différentes. Eva Zimmermann se penche sur l’évolution de ce lieu unique quant aux relations culturelles franco-allemandes dans un contexte de tensions entre cosmopolitisme et nationalisme croissant. Elle analyse les multiples facteurs qui ont contribué à l’émergence de la »capitale d’été de l’Europe« et identifie les phénomènes et les limites des échanges et des transferts culturels qui ont façonné l’ensemble de l’expérience thermale.

Between the mid-1840s and the Franco-Prussian War of 1870/71, the spa town of Baden-Baden emerged as Europe's leading fashion destination and a significant intercultural hub. On both sides of the Rhine, the city gained a reputation as a “French colony” and a “branch of Paris”, albeit with varying connotations. Eva Zimmermann delves into the development of this unique site of German-French cultural relations amidst the dynamics of cosmopolitanism and growing nationalism. She analyzes the diverse factors that contributed to the emergence of the “Summer Capital of Europe” and identifies phenomena and limitations of exchange and cultural transfers that shaped the entire spa experience.

Even after 1945, Sinti and Roma were confronted with marginalisation and discrimination, as antigypsyist prejudice structures continued to guide action, especially at state level. This study examines the state apparatus in Baden-Württemberg and its minority policy up to the 1970s, addressing three main topics (compensation, legislation and the legal punishment of National Socialist crimes of violence). The focus is on how the authorities dealt with the survivors of the Sinti and Roma and their perspective on their experiences of state persecution and extermination under National Socialism.

Dowagers played an active role in politics and culture at the courts of the Holy Roman Empire. They were mothers, advisers and patrons of the arts. The rulers had to provide them with an appropriate dowry and a residence. For the first time, the book describes the architecture and the ceremonial use of dower residences from the 15th to the 17th century from an art historical point of view. Focusing on functional changes and conversion of the castles, the author shows how the dowagers expressed their new independence in an architectural and spatial way.

The Albertine Prince’s Schools Pforta, St. Afra, and St. Augustin considerably contributed to the consolidation of Lutheran church music. The three schools, their teachers, and their alumni transformed Central Germany into a flourishing musical landscape. This study traces this process in detail, thus filling the musico-historical gap between the Wittenberg Reformation and the Thirty Years’ War and describing one of the most significant musical landscapes of the German-speaking lands.

Artist collectives emerge as driving forces in the art field. They activate new spaces as locales of artistic practice and display. They shape emerging formats, from neighborhood arts projects to largescale biennials. In their practice, the artists challenge established notions of art as well as hegemonic circumscriptions of locality. This book results from a long-term engagement with artists in Nepal and Bangladesh and follows an actor-centered approach to unravel notions of contemporaneity and collectivity. Its focus on collaborative art practices together with its multi-scalar and translocal perspective urges us to rethink the use of terms such as the city, the region or the global that often transport hierarchies.

The significance of allegorical personification as a cultural technique can hardly be overestimated for the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the early modern era. Particularly in the French-speaking world, this period shows a distinctive intensification. 

In a consistently cross-media approach, the interweaving of images, texts, and theatrical stagings with its decisive changes is demonstrated by means of allegorical personification. The allegorical mode emerges as the dominant practice of an imagery that was subjected to a fundamental standardization only with the dissemination of Cesare Ripa's Iconologia from 1593 on. Personifications represent a largely overlooked source for explaining an image theory and practice that until then had only been developed in fragments.

This book contributes to the study of oceans, seas, coastal waters, and rivers within blue humanities by broadening, circulating, and interweaving knowledge about such waters, ocean epistemologies, and sea narratives from pluriversal epistemological, geographical, cultural, and disciplinary perspectives. The contributors from Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, Europe, North America and the Pacific explore the interconnections between oceans, coastal areas, rivers, humans, animals, plants, organisms, and landscapes in the fields of cultural history and cultural studies, critical race and postcolonial studies, marine and environmental studies, linguistics, literature, film and media studies.

After World War I, membership in the League of Nations represented an important step for the British Dominions on the road to foreign policy independence. The internationalism of the League of Nations was not a purely political phenomenon, but also had a social dimension. In particular, the Geneva based Secretariat of the League of Nations evolved into a hub of liberal internationalism. Benjamin Auberer examines these networks by investigating the careers of five employees of the League of Nations from Australia and New Zealand and thus contributes to a global history of the League of Nations and its bureaucracy.

Vers 1800, la librairie et maison d’édition Treuttel & Würtz était une plaque tournante des échanges européens. Tandis que la maison d’édition visait, avec les publications de Johann Wolfgang von Goethe ou de Germaine de Staël, un public d’élite transculturel, la librairie fournissait des clients dans toute l’Europe grâce à ses succursales à Strasbourg, à Paris et à Londres, et à son vaste réseau commercial. Pour la première fois, cette étude examine le fonctionnement et l’influence de l‘entreprise Treuttel & Würtz et les replace dans le contexte historique et culturel: de l’organisation du commerce du livre et des coopérations entre libraires à l’émergence de nouvelles disciplines académiques, comme les philologies modernes, au début du xix^e siècle, en passant par l’histoire des bibliothèques. Tous ces domaines se caractérisaient par un marché transnational que Treuttel & Würtz servait d’une manière que l’on peut qualifier de littérature mondiale pratiquée.

The publishing house and bookshop Treuttel & Würtz was a hub of European exchange par excellence around 1800. While the publishing house targeted a transcultural elite audience with publications by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe or Germaine de Staël, the bookshop supplied customers throughout Europe with its branches in Strasbourg, Paris and London as well as its widely ramified trade network. For the first time, this study examines the working and influence of the publishing bookshop and embeds it in the cultural-historical context: from the organisation of the book trade and the cooperation between booksellers to library history and the emergence of new academic disciplines such as the modern philologies at the beginning of the 19th century. All these areas were characterised by a transnational market, which was served by Treuttel & Würtz in a way that can be described as practised world literature.

With the expansion of trading routes, pilgrimage, and missionary endeavours in the 13th century, Latin travel literature emerged as a distinctive genre like never before. To highlight the importance of this genre, this volume outlines and explores current and future research trajectories with a focus on Latin travel literature from c. 1200–1500. Combining digital, codicological, literary, philological, and anthropological approaches the volume analyses the ways in which these texts were produced, distributed, received, read, and how they can be interpreted. It argues for the importance of re-evaluating these texts and revisiting their contents in light of new methodological and theoretical approaches.

The series “Russia and the Asia-Pacific” explores political, economic, social, cultural and environmental interactions of the Russian Far East within its Asian-Pacific context as well as with the Russian capital in the past and present. Its first volume addresses from a multidisciplinary perspective notably the following questions: How were and are directives from a centre thousands of kilometers away perceived and implemented by actors in this region? To which extent was and is the centre successful or how did or does it fail in integrating a region as far away from the centre as the Russian Far East in its state structures? How have notions of “centre” and “periphery” changed over time?

This volume presents the first pan-Mediterranean panorama of Late Antique mortuary practices, combining and contextualizing an abundant dataset of archaeological and epigraphic evidence. In 17 contributions, a group of international specialists discusses funerary evidence from 14 Late Antique landscapes, in order to show the high diversity of microregional and local customs in funerary cultures as well as the significance of global trends. In this volume various new methodological approaches are applied: the materiality of epitaphs and tombs, their visibility, their accessibility, their perception, their setting within shifting spatial environments, as well as their crucial role within social practices. Therefore, this book fundamentally reshapes our understanding of mortuary habits and the commemoration of the dead during the transitional phase of the Long Late Antiquity.

This book deals with a neglected area of the judicial reappraisal of the Nazi regime: the handling of the crimes against the Central and Eastern European Roma minority in West German NSG trials. It provides a comprehensive insight and overview, informs about the legal prerequisites of the West German judicial special path, and presents the course of proceedings and the roles of the defendants, witnesses and judicial personnel for a number of proceedings. The focus is on the joint trial on the “Zigeunerkomplex” (“Gypsy Complex”, 1958–1970), which was planned as a major trial alongside the first Auschwitz trial and which, contrary to its goal, had little impact and is now forgotten.

Il presente volume esamina la vecchiaia e l’invecchiamento come appaiono nelle epoche premoderne e, in particolare, nel medioevo. Combinando prospettive provenienti dalla gerontologia da una parte e dalle discipline umanistiche, in particolare la ricerca storica, dall’altra, si cerca di aprire la strada a nuove conoscenze. I contributi gerontologici propongono teorie e metodi che sono fondamentali per analizzare gli sviluppi storici, mentre quelli umanistici offrono evidenza storica attraverso casi di studio.

This book investigates old age and ageing in premodern times, with a special focus on the Middle Ages. Perspectives from gerontology and the humanities, and above all from history, are combined to provide novel insights. The gerontological articles explain key theories and methods that are relevant for the analysis of historical developments, while the contributions from the humanities offer historical evidence complementary to these inputs.

Pubblicato in occasione del 70° compleanno di Hubert Houben, questo volume si concentra sull’oltrepassare dei confini come uno dei temi cari al festeggiato. Prendendo come punto di partenza un concetto di confine come costruzione sociale, le autrici e gli autori affrontano casi selezionati di scavalcamento di confini spaziali, culturali e legali durante il Medioevo. La complessità e la multiperspettività che ne derivano riflettono metodi e tradizioni di ricerca diversi, che insieme rivelano un ampio spettro di approcci possibili al tema dell’attraversamento dei confini.

Published on the occasion of Hubert Houben’s 70^th birthday, this volume focuses on border crossings as one of the topics dear to the jubilarian. By starting from a concept of borders as a social construct, the authors look at selected cases of transcending spatial, cultural and legal boundaries in the Middle Ages. The resulting complexity and multi-perspectivity reflects different research methods and traditions, revealing a broad spectrum of possible approaches to the topic of border crossings.

Thinking about language contact and language mixture has been part of the European-Western preoccupation with language from the very beginning. Starting with Plato in the fourth century B.C., it is for a long time an unexcited reflection, until the perspective changes radically in the 19th century: the normality is suddenly gone, contact and mixture become first a research taboo and only a little later a serious research focus, from which a separate discipline, contact linguistics, emerges. This book tells for the first time the history of the study of language contact up to the threshold of the 20th century and shows how critical-historiographical studies can help to classify and advance current debates (e.g. in creole studies).

The long history of cosmology did not simply end in the specialised discipline of the physical study of the universe. Rather, the times we live in are characterised by a "cosmological restlessness", which indicates that today central questions about the world and our position in it demand new answers. A look at the history and diversity of cosmology reveals a "form of expression" that is not limited to the function of a worldview (a picture of the world), but can pursue many other purposes and inscribes itself in complicated ways in the intellectual, theoretical, but also political, ethical and practical contexts of its time. This volume portrays this in many case studies, ranging from prehistory to present-day Earth system science.

Representations of female Israeli soldiers are a popular subject in photography. However, a notable controversial imparting exists concerning gender and identity: heroic depictions of female Israeli soldiers as shown by the Israeli military in their official representations are in contrast to portraits which are either sexualized or appear as a form of criticism on military service as such and the responsibility of young women soldiers towards the state and the people.

This analysis focusses on aspects of the visual language and aesthetics in the context of the cultural history discourse of Zionism, as well as on stereotypes such as the ›beautiful Jewess‹ in European painting since the 18th century. The results offer a unique contribution to Jewish studies by combining methods of gender studies and art history, as well as visual studies.

À l’époque augustéenne (1694–1763), la ville de Dresde, résidence saxonne, devient un centre culturel du Saint-Empire. De nouveaux réseaux de personnes et de nouvelles voies commerciales mettent en place des transferts de connaissances, parmi lesquels les liens avec la France jouent un rôle prépondérant. Cette étude se penche donc sur le grand nombre de Françaises et de Français qui, à cette époque, séjournent dans la capitale saxonne pour des périodes plus ou moins longues. Les conditions préalables en France, les modalités sociales et enfin l’action française à la cour et dans la ville sont examinées à l’aide de nombreuses sources issues d’archives françaises et allemandes. Il en résulte un portrait centré sur les acteurs et à multiples facettes du transfert culturel franco-saxon.

In the Augustan era (1694–1763), the Saxon residence city of Dresden developed into a cultural centre of the Holy Roman Empire. New networks and trade routes set knowledge transfers in motion, with connections to France taking on a prominent role. This study therefore focuses on the large number of French people who came to the Saxon capital for short or long periods of time. The study includes an examination of the French prerequisites of these journeys, the social modalities and finally the French activities at court and in the city based on numerous sources from German and French archives. In this way, Christian Gründig draws a multifaceted, actor-centred picture of Franco-Saxon cultural transfer.

Louis XIV's absolutist rule, which began in 1661, was preceded by a period of intensive building activity of ascended state and financial elites in France. Among the most important of these estates, which were mostly located in the Parisian countryside, was the château of Vaux-le-Vicomte (built for Nicolas Fouquet), which serves as a case study for the interaction between social mobility and art. This volume focuses on the decoration of the château and garden, created under the direction of Charles Le Brun between 1657 and 1661, and places it in the context of comparable decoration projects of the time.

La mitizzazione di Federico II e del nipote Corradino, iniziata quando erano ancora in vita ad opera dei loro sostenitori e aderenti, si è mantenuta inalterata nel corso del tempo sia in Germania sia Italia meridionale, e qui con esiti sorprendenti. Corradino era infatti ricordato nei primi decenni del Novecento nel piccolo centro di Aliano in provincia di Matera, dove Carlo Levi visse durante il Fascismo da confinato politico e dove dell’ultimo Svevo si parlava come di un eroe nazionale e si piangeva la morte.

A prescindere dalla pietà umana, che scatta soprattutto quando la morte colpisce un adolescente, lo sfortunato tentativo di Corradino di far valere i suoi diritti ereditari sul Regno di Sicilia continua ad alimentare il dibattito storiografico, perché fornisce uno spiraglio di intelligibilità sui processi politici allora in corso non solo nell’area dell’Impero romano-germanico, di cui faceva parte l’Italia centro-settentrionale, ma anche in quella delle formazioni politiche che con esso si trovarono di volta in volta ad interagire, tra cui il Regno di Sicilia. Il volume è frutto del convegno tenutosi nel 2018 presso l’Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II in occasione del 750° anniversario dell’esecuzione di Corradino e dei suoi nobili compagni.

Many contemporary periodisation schemes have their roots in Europe, reflecting particular national religious or historiographical traditions and teleologies. As part of the colonial encounter they have been translated into new temporal authenticities in the Americas, Asia and Africa. Culturally determined as they are, these periodisation schemes are begging for systematic comparison in order to identify their contextual specificity and contingency. An interdisciplinary and transregional approach allows to work out categories of historical analysis that go beyond nation-bound interpretative patterns. In considering case studies from different parts of the world, the aim of this volume is to uncover some of the dynamics behind particular uses of periodisation schemes, as concepts for ordering the past.

In search of subsidies for the publishing of his Greek and Latin oeuvre, the Corona Anni, Professor Martin Crusius of Tübingen (1526-1607) pointed out in a letter to Johan Papius, court physician at Ansbach, that it might teach even the Greeks to preach the word of God truly. At this point in time, Crusius could look back on nearly thirty years in which he had exerted himself body and soul for the dissemination of the Lutheran teaching among the Greek-speaking Christians. His 'mission' had begun when his former student Stephan Gerlach had been chosen to travel from the university town in Württemberg to Constantinople as embassy preacher in 1573. Up until his death, Crusius pursued his project of establishing the essentials for a Greek Lutheranism and sending these – at times on adventurous paths – to their recipients.

Issue de la Révolution, la garde nationale a durablement marqué l’opinion publique et les institutions françaises. Pour la monarchie, restaurée en 1814, elle était une force d’ordre indispensable et occupait une place centrale dans la représentation politique des Bourbons. En même temps, elle était devenue symbole de maturité politique et de distinction sociale. Elle conférait une identité bourgeoise et un certain statut social. Axel Dröber se penche sur l’histoire de la garde nationale de Rennes, de Lyon et de Paris sous la Restauration et la monarchie de Juillet. Il étudie les différentes formes d’organisation des citoyens armés et leurs relations avec l’administration et le gouvernement. L’accent est mis sur l’héritage de la Révolution française, qui a marqué la société jusque tard dans le xix^e siècle et a eu une influence durable sur la discipline et l’obéissance au sein des troupes d’ordre du pays.

The National Guard, which emerged from the Revolution, left a lasting mark on French public life and institutions. For the monarchy restored in 1814, it was an indispensable upholder of order and occupied a central place in the Bourbons' external political representation. At the same time, it had become a sign of political maturity and social distinction. It conveyed bourgeois identity and social status, on which the following regime of Louis-Philippe was also built. Axel Dröber traces the history of the National Guard of Rennes, Lyon and Paris during the Restoration and the July Monarchy. He examines the organisational forms of the armed citizens and their relationship to the administration and government. The focus is on the legacy of the French Revolution, which shaped society well into the 19^th century and had a lasting influence on discipline and obedience within the country's forces tasked with upholding order.

The production of glass was one of the high technologies of the early modern period. At a heat of around 1500 degrees, mixtures of sand, lime and vegetable, wood or potash were transformed into greenish, crystal-clear or colorful marvels in the glassworks of Europe. Its aesthetic and material properties-transparency, workability, and durability-made glass a coveted material that was still the preserve of the elite in the 16th century and did not become an affordable mass product until the second half of the 18th century.

The volume Glass in the Early Modern Period pursues an interdisciplinary approach. It takes its starting point in the conditions of glass production in early modern glassworks, the high consumption of resources, and the resulting social conflicts. The volume focuses on the various historical forms of use, glass as an object of collection, and its allegorical meaning in painting. At the same time, the volume deals with the analysis and preservation of glass objects from a scientific and conservation perspective and with the presentation of baroque glass from a museum perspective. In all of this, a close connection to the court culture of the European nobility is apparent, who acted as pioneers, patrons and, not least, buyers, users and collectors of the glass objects. In this way, many of the luxury objects have been preserved to this day.

Characterised by the multiplicity and diversity of research and methodology, the European tradition of Semitic linguistics has always supported fieldwork and highly valued the data obtained in this way as it allows to create an interesting dynamic for linguistic studies itself. In the spirit of this tradition and to uphold it, the present book is a collection of articles based on data gathered primarily during field research expeditions. The volume is divided into two parts—Studies on various specific linguistic issues and Texts containing previously unpublished transcriptions of audio recordings in Arabic dialects, Maltese and Jibbali/Shehret.

In 1215/1216, Thomasin von Zerklaere composed his Welscher Gast (“The Italian Guest”), the earliest comprehensive book of court etiquette written in German. Up until the Early Modern Age, the work was frequently copied and widely disseminated. Its uniqueness lies not least in the fact that it was, from early on, transmitted together with an extensive cycle of images. This volume brings together studies from Art History, Literary Studies and Musicology into the sources, the didactic concept, the transmission of images, and the reception of Thomasin’s poem as well as into how it might be employed in present-day German language and literature classes. It proposes to replace the author-centered approach to the Welscher Gast with an approach that consistently focuses on the history of its transmission.

Definire i processi storici che caratterizzarono l’Europa centro-orientale in epoca medievale e moderna come deviazione o involuzione a partire dal modello e dai risultati dell’Europa occidentale, ovvero come palese arretratezza della prima rispetto alla seconda, appare riduttivo. Le più recenti indagini consentono di superare una visione dualistica delle sorti politiche, economiche e sociali delle due parti del Continente. Gli studi di carattere comparativo possono mettere in luce non solo le similitudini, ma anche le particolarità che definirono le relazioni politiche, economiche e sociali nell’Europa medievale e moderna. Questo volume ha l’obiettivo di presentare alcuni risultati delle più recenti ricerche, focalizzando l’attenzione su alcuni territori e i loro rapporti economici, sociali e culturali con la Penisola italiana, e di offrire nuovi spunti di riflessione.

It appears reductive to define the historical processes that characterised central and eastern Europe in medieval and modern times as a deviation or involution from the starting point of the western European model and outcomes, or as patent backwardness of the former compared to the latter. The most recent research moves beyond a dualistic view of the political, economic and social fortunes of the two parts of the continent. Comparative studies can highlight not only the similarities, but also the peculiarities that defined political, economic and social relations in medieval and modern Europe. This book presents recent research, focusing on several territories and their economic, social and cultural relations with the Italian Peninsula, and offers thought-provoking new insights.

The study ventures into a topic that has been so far largely neglected in film studies: the ‘gypsy’ phantasm on the big screen. It reconstructs the history of ‘gypsy’ representations in film since the birth of the medium providing a systematic film-theoretical analysis of their aesthetic and social functions. Based on a corpus of over 150 works from European and US cinema, it is shown that ‘gypsy’-themed feature films share the pattern of an ‘ethno-racial’ masquerade, irrespective of the place and time of their origin. The author thus expands the research, concentrated until now in the field of literature, with another art form, film, opening up new dimensions of (popular) cultural antigypsyism.

À partir du xiii^e siècle, les »Grandes chroniques de France«, pièce maîtresse de l’historiographie française, furent régulièrement augmentées et mises à jour. Au xv^e et au début du xvi^e siècle, le thème central de cette historiographie proche du pouvoir était la guerre civile entre Armagnacs et Bourguignons (1407–1435), et la guerre de Cent Ans, qui y était associée. Le développement historiographique était étroitement lié à la lutte de différentes parties pour la souveraineté de l’interprétation de ces conflits. Cette revendication est analysée ici pour la première fois dans un contexte où les »Grandes chroniques« ont, certes, été continuées en tant que récit historiographique, mais dans lequel, en même temps, de nouvelles œuvres d’inspiration humaniste les ont progressivement remplacées. L’étude reconstruit de nombreuses étapes de l’évolution des »Grandes chroniques« et traite également de textes créés dans leur environnement et qui n’ont guère été étudiés jusqu’à présent. Pour ce faire, manuscrits et ouvrages imprimés sont pris en compte de la même manière.

The study traces the development of historiography surrounding the rulers in France in the 15th and early 16th centuries. In the first two parts, the focus is on the continuation and printing of the “Grandes Chroniques” in the 15th century up to the replacement of this leading text by the new, humanistically influenced works of Robert Gaguin and Paulus Aemilius. Along the way, numerous stages of development are reconstructed. Moreover, many historiographical works that have hardly been studied so far but were influenced heavily by the “Grandes Chroniques” are also discussed. For a long time during that period, the main topic of French historiography was the French Civil War (1407–1435) and the associated conflict with the English kings. The struggle of various parties for interpretative sovereignty over those decades therefore had a decisive influence on the development of French historiography in the 15th and early 16th centuries, which will be examined in the third part.

„The Past through Narratology“ proposes a fresh approach to various types of texts from Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. Starting from a broad definition of what a text can be – ranging from hagiographic narratives and maps to archaeological remains – this book proposes narrativity and narratology as frameworks for exploring sources and exchanging opinions. The various contributions in this volume investigate how late antique and early medieval authors and movements used narrative as a vehicle for their ideas and how they operated in literarised spaces. At the same time, this book also examines how we as researchers construct narratives about our periods of study.

Themes of existence of elderly people are considered in the context of different : different social classes, different residential contexts, different degrees of independence are understood as central components of the differentiated life-worlds. It is shown how significant the subjectively experienced “task character of life” as well as the experience of being needed by others are for satisfaction and a sense of meaning. In addition, risk factors for life satisfaction are identified: these include, above all, isolation and a pronounced need for care. The experience of old people is not solely determined by vulnerability; it also speaks for mental growth and coping skills.

Livio Odescalchi (1652–1713), nipote di Innocenzo XI, pagò in gioventù il prezzo della politica antinepotista del pontefice, il quale scelse di negargli ogni incarico ufficiale. Negli stessi anni, Livio dovette oltretutto sottostare al controllo opprimente dello zio, suo tutore testamentario – una condizione infelice al punto che, nella cultura del tempo, la sua figura venne notoriamente associata a simbolo di sventura. Nonostante ciò, il giovane seppe gettare le basi per una strategia di ascesa economico-sociale che avrebbe dato i suoi frutti in seguito. Morto Innocenzo XI, ebbe inizio infatti un periodo di riscatto, costruito sull’accumulo di onorificenze e possedimenti, investimenti finanziari, committenze e commerci d’arte, mecenatismo, feste mondane e reti internazionali.

Il volume, frutto della tesi di dottorato di Roberto Fiorentini (Aprilia 1987–Washington 2019), prende in esame ambedue le fasi della vita di Livio Odescalchi, analizzandole alla luce di una notevole quantità di documenti d’archivio, una parte dei quali completamente inediti.

Livio Odescalchi (1652–1713), nephew of Innocent XI, paid the price in his youth for the pope’s anti-nepotism policy, who chose to deny him any official position. During the same period, Livio had to submit to the oppressive control of his uncle, his testamentary guardian – an unhappy situation that, at the time, caused him to be considered a symbol of misfortune. In spite of this, the young man was able to lay the foundations for a strategy of economic and social ascent that would later bear fruit. After the death of Innocent XI, a period of compensation began, built on the accumulation of honours and possessions, financial investments, commissions and art trades, patronage, social celebrations, and international networks.

This book, based on Roberto Fiorentini’s doctoral thesis (Aprilia 1987 – Washington 2019), examines both phases of Livio Odescalchi’s life, analysing them in the light of a considerable quantity of archival documents, some of which are completely unpublished.

Entrepreneurial activity by nobles was highly debated in the European Early Modern period. Generally, it was considered socially inappropriate. Nevertheless, profit-oriented activities of the nobility were an economic necessity and an everyday matter. The volume traces this ambivalence, using European examples between 1600 and 1900 from various ranks of the nobility and different fields of economic activity. It shows that the involvement of the nobility in European economic processes should not be underestimated. The book opens up an underrepresented field of research for a more in-depth examination.

With their branch networks and partners, the Florentine banks dominated  international monetary transactions of the 15th century. Thanks to their presence in the main commercial centres of the continent, the merchant bankers from Tuscany dominated the cashless processing of large transfers of money from all over Europe to the Roman Curia. Kurt Weissen examines how curia bankers, such as the Alberti and the Medici, connected Germany to this payment system via Bruges and Venice. He analyses the role played by the establishment of branches in Lübeck, Cologne, Basel and Constance and the importance of cooperation with German merchant companies.

La guerre de Sept Ans a été un désastre pour la renommée de la France. S’est alors engagée une discussion intensive sur des idées de réforme afin que soit restaurée la primauté de la monarchie française dans le système international des États et que le pays soit sauvé de la faillite. L’autopromotion de Frédéric II a suscité un intérêt particulièrement vif du public français pour la Prusse. Mais dans quelle mesure l’État prussien, perçu comme un modèle de réussite, pouvait-il servir de référence dans ce débat sur les réformes? Le livre nous montre par le biais de quels médiateurs et les moyens par lesquels le transfert de connaissances de la Prusse vers la France s’est opéré au cours des dernières décennies de l’Ancien Régime. Les limites de ce transfert y sont également expliquées, ainsi que la fonction que le renvoi à la Prusse a effectivement occupée au sein des discussions autoréférentielles sur la »régénération« de la monarchie française.

With the end of the Seven Years' War, a period of intensive search for reform ideas began in France an attempt to restore France's supremacy in the international state system and save the monarchy from bankruptcy. The particularly lively interest of the French public in Prussia raises the question of the extent to which Frederick II's state, which was regarded as successful, has served as a model in this reform debate. The book shows by which ways, carriers and means the transfer of knowledge from Prussia to France took place at the end of the Ancien Régime and what function the reference to Prussia actually assumed within self-referential French discussions.

Dans la recherche, le rôle politique du favori et la nature de sa relation avec le roi ont souvent été obscurcis par le fait que, dans les discours du haut et du bas Moyen Âge, la proximité particulière avec le souverain était régulièrement exprimée dans le langage de l’amour et dans des gestes de proximité physique et d’intimité. Ainsi, l’impression est née que le roi, par inclination homosexuelle, accordait une influence excessive à son favori – aux dépens des barons, qui revendiquaient, eux aussi, une part du pouvoir.

Dans l’esprit d’une »histoire culturelle de la politique«, le présent ouvrage reconsidère la figure du favori, la rend compréhensible et tangible dans sa signification au-delà du cas individuel. Il met en évidence le caractère constructif des modèles modernes de perception du désir sexuel et souligne l’importance de l’inconduite sexuelle comme argument politique dans le discours médiéval.

At the end of the Western Middle Ages, the new notions of the legitimacy of royal power and its exercise were made more visible by the presence of royal favourites whose figure should be reconsidered. The present study links the reproach of sexual misconduct as a political argument in medieval discourse to medieval ideas about royalty and government, opening new perspectives of a cultural history of politics in the Later Middle Ages.

Visual media have played a key role in the genesis of antigypsyism since the early modern period. This interdisciplinary anthology examines the central motifs and semantics of "Gypsy" images in various forms of representation such as literature, visual art, photography, postcards, opera, theatre, comics, film and computer games. Particular attention is paid to connecting lines and interrelationships. The contributions uncover the content-related, temporal, geographical and media-specific manifestations of one of the most powerful stereotypes in European cultural history. To this day, antigypsyist imaginations have a negative impact on the positioning of Sinti and Roma in European societies.

Dedicated to housing courtly architectural models, Landgrave Karl founded the so-called Modellhaus at the beginning of the 18th-century, an unusual  building which went on to become one of the most admired sights of its time. The collection included, most importantly, a monumental model of the most famous of all the Kassel artworks, namely the statue of Hercules overlooking the extensive Karlsberg gardens. Through recently discovered plans, files, and contemporary travel memoirs, this book retraces the story of this unique building and its collection which lasted almost a century, guiding us through Berlin, Saint Petersburg, and Paris, to reveal the continuing importance of models.

In Western cultural history, 'tradition' is one of the central concepts to describe processes of reception and their impact. Especially in literary studies, traditions are often claimed by stating, for example, that a particular text stands 'in the tradition' of another text. Nevertheless, coherent theoretical reflection is often lacking. This volume approaches the general question "What is tradition?" and the more specific question "How can one adequately speak about literary traditions?" by theorizing the premises of the concept and by discussing its theoretical capacity on the basis of case studies from various constellations throughout literary and cultural history.

Comment les réseaux de marchands du sud de la France ont-ils contribué à l’essor commercial de Marseille et de Montpellier aux xii^e et xiii^e siècles? Comment les villes de l’intérieur des terres, en fournissant des biens, des capitaux et des personnes, ont-elles permis l’expansion du commerce méditerranéen des grandes villes côtières? Dans cette étude, les fondements du commerce à longue distance sont non seulement expliqués par l’établissement des États croisés au Levant mais ils sont aussi explorés directement à leur source, à savoir les circuits commerciaux actifs dans l’arrière-pays, aux alentours des villes portuaires. Des analyses microhistoriques de familles marchandes, de navires marchands et de privilèges commerciaux spécifiques mettent en lumière des liens jusqu’alors inconnus entre les différents acteurs économiques, ouvrant ainsi de nouvelles perspectives sur le développement du commerce à longue distance dans le sud de la France au Moyen Âge.

The book examines how the integration of local merchants in the south of France contributed to the commercial expansion of the cities of Marseille and Montpellier in the 12th and 13th centuries. The origin of the flourishing long-distance trade is not sought in the establishment of the Crusader states in the East, but instead is explored at its roots, the local trade cycles in the hinterland of the port cities. The book is built around micro-historical sketches about specific merchant families, merchant ships and trade privileges, thus revealing unknown connections and new perspectives. Mediterranean trade is described from the perspective of inland merchants, and trade with the Levant is seen from the perspective of Provençal and Catalan merchants who traded through foreign financial centres and under foreign flags. The book explores how the hinterland made the long-distance trade of Marseille and Montpellier possible in the first place by providing goods, capital and manpower.

This volume constitutes the final study of EUFams II, a research project on European family and succession law funded by the European Commission. Its contributors present historical developments, discuss the status quo, and draw the lines along which European family and succession law may develop in the near future. The volume endeavors to inspire its readership and the scientific community at large to engage in further research along and across these lines.

What does humanism mean, who is a humanist? Contemporaries clarified this not least through diatribes. Intellectuals who, since the middle of the fourteenth century, have regarded rhetoric as the most noble method of promoting virtue, searching for truth and knowledge of God, saw mutual personal degradation as the means of asserting their positions.

Au Moyen Âge, les abbayes bénédictines justifiaient leur existence par leur isolement, prétention affirmée à travers, notamment, le topos du locus desertus montrant des saints fondateurs d’abbayes s’installer loin de toute civilisation. Or, pour subsister, les abbayes devaient retirer des biens ou des services de la société englobante (oblats, nourriture, protection…) et, en échange, en fournir d’autres (soutien politique, hospitalité…). Les monastères médiévaux étaient donc profondément intégrés dans la société tout en prétendant en être isolés. Ce paradoxe de la vie monastique est souvent utilisé dans les Ordensforschungen, bien plus rarement pour l’étude d’institutions spécifiques. Le présent ouvrage a pour objectif de confronter ce cadre théorique à la réalité vécue par les moines de l’abbaye Saint-Pierre de Lobbes (Hainaut, Belgique), du vii^e siècle, date de sa fondation, jusqu’à la fin du xiv^e.

In the Middle Ages, the very existence of Benedictine monasteries was based on their proclaimed isolation from the world, a tenet diametrically opposed to their means of subsistence. Indeed, in order to extract goods from society (oblates, food, protection…), abbeys had to provide tangible goods and services in exchange (political support, hospitality…); monasteries were deeply integrated into medieval society while claiming to be isolated from it. This paradox of monastic life is often referred to in the Ordenforschungen or study of the monastic orders, but it is rarely used when it comes to studying specific institutions. This book aims to test the validity of this theoretical framework against the reality as lived by the monks of the Abbey of St Peter of Lobbes (Hainault, Belgium), from its founding until the turn of the 14^th and 15^th centuries. In particular, it analyses the interactions between the abbey and its political and economic environment.

En 1962, avec l’indépendance de l’Algérie, ce sont non seulement un million de colons européens mais aussi près de 85 000 »harkis« – des musulmans qui avaient soutenu l’armée française pendant la guerre, notamment en tant que soldats auxiliaires – qui quittent le pays pour la France. Les harkis arrivent-ils comme des »traîtres à la nation algérienne«, comme des »citoyens français à droits égaux«, et donc comme des rapatriés, ou bien doivent-ils être considérés comme des réfugiés? Anna Laiß analyse les controverses suscitées par les différents points de vue ainsi que la difficulté éprouvée par les harkis et leurs descendants à trouver leur place dans la République française. Elle souligne la tension entre l’idéal universaliste et les modes d’action et de pensée coloniaux, qui se reflètent dans les débats sur l’intégration et les mémoires coloniales, bien au-delà de la période de la décolonisation.

When Algeria gained independence in 1962, an estimated 1 million European settlers and roughly 85 000 so called »Harkis«, muslim Algerians that served as auxiliaries in the French Army, left Algeria en route to France. Were the »Harkis« received as »traitors of the Algerian nation«, as »French citizens with rights to repatriation« or were they seen simply as »refugees«? Anna Laiß provides insightful analysis into the controversial perceptions and portrayals that dominated the “Harkis« existence, and that of their descendents, in their search for a place in the French Republic. She reveals the areas of conflict and discord between the French ideals of republican universalism and the colonial mindset and behaviour, which are to be found in debates about integration and colonial memory, and which extend well beyond the period of decolonisation. 

This volume contains the edition of 42 Egyptian documentary papyri from the 5^th–8^th century AD including translations as well as historical and philological commentary. The texts were written in Greek or Coptic, but the volume also comprises bilingual Greek-Coptic documents and an Arabic-Greek protocol. These multifaceted papyri, such as administrative, legal and tax documents, allow precious glimpses into the society of the late antique Nile Valley and produce important new evidence for the underexplored transition period from Byzantine to Islamic rule in Egypt.

The cultural effects of globalization constitute one of the most important challenges for the discipline of art history today. The aim of this publication is to take a critical look at art historical narratives. Based on transcultural object biographies, the volume brings together analyses of objects and images that circulate in transcultural contact zones: their histories of origin, circulation and perception slice through space and time. The histories of these objects and images thus demonstrate in exemplary fashion how knowledge and understanding can be generated, communicated or also challenged in cultural contact zones. Hence, the publication is designed as a methodological contribution to a transcultural art and cultural history. It is also conceived as an instrument for teaching and contains a critical-discursive glossary of key-terms that combines theory and practice of transcultural art history.

In its current digital, pictorial and viral ubiquity, architecture no longer has to be bodily present, but has a mediating role. As a medial hinge it folds different disciplines of media and art onto the realm of the everyday. Here, the idea of architectonics can be understood as the architectural implications of computer games in a broader sense to address the matter of architecture in game worlds as well as the architecture of computer games themselves.

This anthology bundles transdisciplinary approaches around the topics of space, architecture, perception of and worldbuilding in computer games and their media-specific properties. The aim is to show how and under which aspects digital game worlds are constituted. The contributions depart from the beaten tracks of media and game studies, focusing on spatial, architectural and world-shaped phenomena within current digital media culture.

This rich ethnographic and socio-historical account uncovers how toxicity and safety are expressed transculturally in a globalizing world. For the first time, it unpacks the “pharmaceutical nexus” of mercury in Tibetan medicine (Sowa Rigpa) where, since the thirteenth century, it has mainly been used in the form of tsotel. Tsotel, an organometallic mercury sulfide compound, is added in small amounts to specific medicines to enhance the potency of other ingredients. In concordance with tantric Buddhist ideas, Tibetan medical practitioners confront and tame poisonous substances, and instead of avoiding or expelling them, transform them into potent medicines and elixirs.

Recently, the UN Environment Programme’s global ban on mercury, the Minamata Convention, has sparked debates on the use of mercury in Asian medicines. As Asian medical traditions increasingly intersect with biomedical science and technology, what is at stake when Tibetan medical practitioners in India and Nepal, researchers, and regulators negotiate mercury’s toxicity and safety? Who determines what is “toxic” and what is “safe,” and how? What does this mean for the future of traditional Asian medical and pharmaceutical practices?

Sulla base di un approccio comparato e transnazionale, il volume esamina le rispettive interpretazioni del proprio passato in Germania e in Italia nello specchio della produzione cinematografica tra il 1945 e il 1955, nonché la reciproca ricezione dei film. In 12 contributi gli autori internazionali analizzano trama e narrativa di alcuni importanti film, considerando anche il contesto in cui si svolse allora, nei due paesi, il dibattito sugli orrori e traumi del passato nazionalsocialista e fascista.

This volume’s transnational, comparative approach seeks to open up a fresh perspective on self-interpretations of the past in Germany and Italy with regards to film production and the cinematographic relationship between the two countries, from 1945 to 1955. In the 12 chapters, the international authors analyse both plot and narrative in significant single film productions, as well as the contexts in which the horrors and traumas of their Nazi and Fascist pasts were discussed in both countries.

Antiziganism is a common phenomenon on the big screen. To examine this issue from various perspectives, acclaimed scholars and junior researchers, filmmakers and human rights activists, both Roma and non-Roma, gathered in Berlin in 2018 and presented their research output, shared personal testimonies and discussed films at the international conference “Antigypsyism and Film“.

The present bilingual volume is a documentation of the conference proceedings. It contains academic articles and essays as well as interviews with filmmakers grouped in four thematic sections: antigypsyism in film, the question of ethics, strategies of subversion and antigypsyism in comparison to other forms of racism.

Presso l’Archivio Centrale dello Stato si conserva il calendario delle udienze tenute da Mussolini durante l’ultimo periodo del fascismo (la Repubblica Sociale Italiana). Il volume lo mette a disposizione degli studiosi per la prima volta e lo arricchisce con i contenuti delle udienze, ricostruiti – ove possibile – attraverso la memorialistica e le carte della Segreteria particolare del Duce.

The calendar of Mussolini’s audiences given towards the end of fascism (the Italian Social Republic) are held at the Central State Archives. The volume, which makes it available to scholars for the first time, is enriched with reconstructions of the conversations, where possible, using memorial literature and records from the Private Secretariat of the Duce.

This volume presents a new analysis of the wall paintings discovered over a hundred years ago in one of the most important centres of Minoan culture, the palace at Knossos. Introducing the theoretical concept of Bild-Raum, a relational construct linking pictorial elements with humans, actions and places, the aim is to produce new insights as to the types of rituals, ideas and people which can be related with individual parts of the palace based on the decoration painted on the walls. The images and architecture of three key areas of the palace are studied in broad detail, improving our understanding of performances and people involved and their role within the complex history of the Late Bronze Age palace at Knossos.    

Pendant près de trente ans, Catherine de Médicis a été une figure politique centrale de la monarchie française. Son autorité reposait sur sa position de reine mère. L’ouvrage examine ce que la parenté signifiait pour elle et ses descendants; il montre comment les relations de parenté étaient négociées et comment parenté et pouvoir étaient liés dans la pratique. Qu’est-ce qu'une reine mère, une sœur ou un fils royaux? Les lettres que s’écrivaient la mère et les enfants révèlent la parenté comme un répertoire flexible de la pensée et de l'action politiques. À une époque considérée comme celle de l’origine des États modernes, la royauté a ainsi été constamment reconceptualisée et légitimée dans les relations de parenté.

Catherine de Médicis was an important political figure of the French monarchy for over 30 years. Her authority was based on her position as queen mother in relation to her children. This book explores the question of what relatedness actually was for the queen mother and her offspring, how they negotiated kinship relations and how kinship and political power were intertwined. What was a queen mother, a royal son or a royal sister? The letters that the relatives wrote to each other show that kinship formed a flexible repertoire of political thinking and acting. In a period that is considered the beginning of the building of modern states, royal authority was conceptionalized and legitimized by kinship relations.

Marie Luise Gothein’s „A History of Garden Art“, first published in 1914 and still in print, was immediately recognized as a classic, but has so far never been brought into focus as a seminal work of the discipline. This thesis examines the cultural scientist's intellectual and aesthetic concepts that guided her in her description of garden art. What defining concepts did she have when presenting the ever-changing art work of the garden in text and image? What role does the reform garden movement play, which was in full swing at the time of publication? The analysis of Gothein's descriptions of gardens, such as Villa d'Este, shows how fundamentally historical writing is influenced by the challenges of the time. The volumes reflect an ecocritical human approach to the environment.

German Gardenbook Award 2021 in the category Best book on Garden History.

L’histoire des ducs de Valois-Bourgogne (1363–1477) peut conduire, d’un point de vue rétrospectif, à une juxtaposition des éléments modernes et médiévaux de ce règne. C’est en particulier les projets de croisade de Philippe le Bon (1419–1467) qui, devant ce canevas, apparaissent comme l’ultime épanouissement d’une culture médiévale au sens où l’entend Johan Huizinga. Ce qui ne correspond pas tout à fait au récit classique d’un »État bourguignon«. Mais au lieu de voir en Philippe le Bon un don Quichotte du xv^e siècle ou le précurseur du »dernier chevalier«, Maximilien, cette étude examine ses projets de croisade dans le cadre de sa politique de statut: la volonté ostentatoire de défendre la foi permet à la jeune dynastie de revendiquer un rang plus élevé parmi les princes européens. Pour analyser le discours de croisade bourguignon, l'ouvrage s’appuie sur trois traités de l’évêque Jean Germain († 1461), que ce dernier a écrit en tant que premier chancelier de l’ordre de la Toison d’or. L’étude innove sur le plan méthodologique en combinant une méthode d’analyse séquentielle empruntée à la recherche sociale reconstructive avec une perspective analytique du discours, en l’employant pour examiner le programme texte-images des manuscrits du Moyen Âge tardif.

The reign of the Valois Dukes of Burgundy (1363–1477) might, in retrospect, suggest a link between modern and medieval features of their rule, especially with respect to the crusade projects of Philipp the Good (1419–1467). These ambitions may seem like a late blossoming of medieval culture, in line with the arguments of Johan Huizinga, that does not quite fit the historiographical narrative of the evolving Burgundian state. Instead of picturing Philipp the Good as a fifteenth-century Don Quixote, or as a precursor to the »last knight«, Emperor Maximilian I of the Holy Roman Empire, this book focuses on the political dimensions of his ostentatious crusading ambitions as part of the Burgundian struggle for a higher status among the hierarchy of European powers.

This study examines the crusading discourse at the Burgundian court through an analysis of three voluminous treatises written by bishop Jean Germain († 1461), the first chancellor of Philipp’s Order of the Golden Fleece. It combines a discourse analytical perspective with a form of sequential analysis that is taken from qualitative social research and applies it to late medieval texts and miniatures.

Going beyond the framework of a mere “Festschrift” in cumulative terms, this volume aims at contributing to recent discussions in the subject area of Middle Eastern studies focusing on individual and autobiographical voices discernible in pre-modern and contemporary Muslim societies. This approach reflects Prof Susanne Enderwitz’ seminal works on the topics of autobiography/autofiction and Islamicate expressions of identity. Among the contributors are Lale Behzadi, Michael Ursinus, Henning Sievert, Paula Schrode, Johannes Zimmermann, Ines Weinrich, and many others.

The present study is a contrastive and empirical investigation of the negative markers nicht in contemporary German (CG) and laysa, lam, lan, lammā, lāta, lā and mā in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). Four aspects are analyzed from a comparative point of view: (i) the morphological fusion of the negative markers with indefinites in CG and with clitic particles/suffixes in MSA, which creates a paradigm of negative markers similar to an auxiliary verb paradigm, (ii) the position of those markers in sentence structures, (iii) the interaction between negative markers and verbal or nominal categories, and (iv) the interactions between negation and information structure. Two novels were chosen as the main sources of sample data: “Sommerstück” (1989) (“Piece of Summer”) by Christa Wolf for CG and “Bayna al-Qasrayn” (1956) (“Palace Walk”) by Naǧib Maḥfūẓ for MSA. The goal of the study is to describe and compare the grammatical organization of negation in both languages.

La sécurité est un sujet aussi central que largement inexploré des guerres de Religion françaises. Pour la première fois, elle est analysée ici de manière systématique et en tenant compte des modèles d’interprétation contemporains. Christian Wenzel retrace le vaste débat sur la sécurité qui a considérablement marqué les conflits entre 1557 et 1589. Son étude non seulement ouvre une nouvelle perspective sur les événements et processus centraux, mais elle contribue, grâce au concept de »communication historique sur la sécurité« développé ici, à la recherche historique sur la sécurité et montre la complexité des concepts de sécurité de l’époque moderne.

Security – a category that is as important as neglected when it comes to the French Wars of Religion in the 16^th century. Christian Wenzel systematically traces imaginations of security as well as their function in the French Wars of Religion for the first time, with a close focus on the perspective of the historical actors. The present study vividly recounts a broad security debate which influenced the conflicts between 1557 and 1589 to a significant degree. Thereby, the study enables not only new perspectives on pivotal junctions and processes; by introducing “Historical Security Communication” as a heuristic approach, it also contributes to Historical Security Studies and casts a light on the complexity of early modern semantics of security.

Marie de Médicis (1575-1642), reine de France, est restée dans les mémoires comme une souveraine incapable, obsédée par le pouvoir et soupçonnée d’avoir assassiné son mari. Ses actions culturelles et politiques ont souvent été réduites à une parenthèse féminine et italienne entre le règne d’Henri IV et le ministériat de Richelieu. Cette image a survécu à la Révolution et s’est consolidée dans le discours historique identitaire d’une nation française de plus en plus bourgeoise, républicaine et laïque. Pour la première fois, la réception mouvementée de Marie de Médicis au XIX^e siècle fait ici l’objet d'une enquête approfondie. L’étude offre un vaste aperçu de l'imbrication de l’historiographie, de la société et de la politique pendant les crises et les bouleversements des nationalismes européens.

Successive generations have remembered Marie de’ Medici (1575–1642), Queen of France, as an incompetent regent, obsessed with power and alleged to have murdered her husband. Moreover, historians often saw no more to her cultural work and politics than a female and Italian parenthesis between the reign of Henry IV and the ministry of Richelieu. This unfavourable image of the second Medici-regent survived the French Revolution and was solidified in the master narrative of an increasingly bourgeois, republican and secular French nation. The present volume provides the first-ever investigation into Marie de’ Medici’s colourful reception during the 19^th century. It offers an in-depth analysis of historical writing, society and politics in the pan-European period of crisis and change called the Age of Nationalism.

Pietro Gasparri (1852–1934) fu un insigne giurista, un apprezzato docente universitario e un abile diplomatico pontificio. Diresse la Segreteria di Stato e la Curia romana dal novembre 1914 al gennaio 1930, cioè in un periodo cruciale della storia europea e del papato. Il volume – frutto dei seminari di studio sulla “Politica internazionale della Santa Sede” tenuti fra il 2013 e il 2016 e organizzati in collaborazione tra l’Università europea di Roma e l’Institut catholique de Paris – presenta i contributi di un gruppo internazionale di storici e archivisti, senior e dottorandi, incentrati su Gasparri nel suo ruolo di segretario di Stato, quale figura centrale del governo della Chiesa cattolica del Novecento.

Pietro Gasparri (1852–1934) was a famous jurist, a valued university professor and an able papal diplomat. He headed the Secretary of State and the Roman Curia from November 1914 to January 1930, during a crucial period in the history of Europe and of the Papacy. This book – the outcome of research seminars on “The international policy of the Holy See” held in Rome between 2013 and 2016 in collaboration with the Università europea di Roma and the Institut catholique de Paris – gathers the contributions of an international group of historians and archivists, seniors and PhD students. It focuses on Gasparri in his role as Secretary of State: a central figure of the government of the Church in the twentieth century.

Many societies are experiencing growing longevity and population ageing simultaneously with increasing urbanization and mobilities. Such fundamental demographic and structural shifts have been reflected in a multitude of narratives and strategies how to “age well” in view of rapidly transforming environments, mobilities of people and changing social relations. This volume explores the transcultural dimensions of ageing and care through close-up ethnographic and literary case studies in South Asia, as well as one European case study from a South Asian researcher’s view. By critically engaging with Eurocentric aspects in ageing studies, the eleven contributions of this volume highlight how perspectives from the Global South shed light on transcultural entanglements and connectivities of experiences of care and ageing.

The unification of the arts in the "Gesamtkunstwerk" of courtly opera has repeatedly been the subject of musicological research, but so far, for example, the specific spatial-architectural side of courtly opera has hardly been considered. Music theater means scenic performance and architecture alike. Both formed essential components of lordly representation in the 17th and 18th centuries. In the Old Kingdom, therefore, not only the aristocratic nobility arranged music-theatrical performances, but smaller courts also brought ballets and operas on stage. The interdisciplinary contributions of a conference of the Rudolstädter Arbeitskreis zur Residenzkultur deal with the topic in a European perspective and explain the diverse connections that existed between the music theater and the courtly space in the architectural, political-cultural and social sense.

The profession of architect underwent the decisive stages of its professionalisation during the early modern period of the Holy Roman Empire (approx. 1500-1800). As a rule, multiple training courses in the artistic, military and scientific fields prepared the architects for a broad range of professional tasks. As “Baumeister” (head architects) with building authorities, they introduced an efficient division of labour in design, planning, execution and administration, and were sometimes able to pursue remarkable careers. This volume examines the cultural, social and administrative factors that contributed to the artistic work of architects.

In the period around 1600, the Swiss humanist and lawyer Melchior Goldast von Haiminsfeld (1576/78–1635) focuses his scholarly work on the literature of the Middle Ages. His attention is particularly drawn to the most important medieval lyric manuscript in German, the Codex Manesse. Goldast makes extensive notes on the manuscript, quotes from it and edits parts of it, thus making it known to a wider public for the first time. Rather than an enthusiasm for the poetry of the Middle Ages, however, it is above all his interest in the politics of the day that motivates the Calvinist Goldast.

This volume offers eight studies on different historical and present-day aspects of leisure in Asia. It critically engages with the predominant Eurocentric focus of leisure studies, bringing into the discussion a number of crucial issues such as the role of leisure as a transcultural contact zone. The volume engages with a field that has been rapidly growing due to the heightened role of leisure activities in defining a person’s identity, the fading of the work/leisure divide in the post-industrial age, and the increasing economic importance of leisure pursuits such as tourism. Bringing Asia into the discussion contributes in resetting the study of leisure into a truly global context.

Heinrich Zoepfl (1807-1877), Heidelberg Professor of Legal History and Constitutional Law, was active in the turbulent times of the "Vormärz", the "German Revolution" of Gutachten and the foundation of the German Reich in 1870/71. He took an active part in all events, both in the lecture hall and through his writings, in the First Baden Chamber and in the Erfurt Union Parliament, as well as through  widespread activity as an expert. As such, he advised the government in Karlsruhe, those affected by political repression, cities, parliaments and individuals, but especially numerous "mediatized" aristocratic houses, which not only had to cope with their loss of political power, but also had to solve many internal legal issues. Zoepfl was always involved as an expert on aristocratic professional law.

For the first time, this volume presents a list of Zoepfls' unprinted and printed expert reports, commission reports, and works that can be found in Heidelberg University Library. Biographical details and an appreciation of his textbooks are followed by critiques of selected expert opinions, and historical outlines of the political situation in Zoepfl's lifetime.

As linguistic systems comprising a large variety of written and oral registers including derivate “languages” and “dialects,” Latin and Arabic have been of paramount importance for the history of the Euromediterranean since Antiquity. Moreover, due to their long-term function as languages of administration, intellectual activity, and religion, they are often regarded as cultural markers of Europe and the (Arabic-)Islamic sphere respectively. This volume explores the many dimensions and ramifications of Latin-Arabic entanglement both from macro-historical as well as from micro-historical perspectives. Visions of history marked by the binary opposition of “Islam” and “the West” tend to ignore these important facets of Euromediterranean entanglement, as do historical studies that explain complex transcultural processes without giving attention to their linguistic dimension.

The “Psychology of Human Thought” is an “open access” collection of peer-reviewed chapters from all areas of higher cognitive processes. The book is intended to be used as a textbook in courses on higher process, complex cognition, human thought, and related courses. Chapters include concept acquisition, knowledge representation, inductive and deductive reasoning, problem solving, metacognition, language, expertise, intelligence, creativity, wisdom, development of thought, affect and thought, and sections about history and about methods. The chapters are written by distinguished scholarly experts in their respective fields, coming from such diverse regions as North America, Great Britain, France, Germany, Norway, Israel, and Australia. The level of the chapters is addressed to advanced undergraduates and beginning graduate students.

The present work is a study of the Aṣṭādhyāyī of Pāṇini from a new perspective. It attempts to explore the Pāṇinian system of Sanskrit grammar from a formal point of view and investigate the possibilities of representing it in a logical, explicit and consistent manner. It puts forward an appropriate framework for such a representation. Differing from the formulation of Aṣṭādhyāyī, which is composed in an artificial yet natural language and is meant to be employed by individuals who are acquainted both with the Sanskrit language and the techniques of grammar, the present rendering aims for a non-verbal representation in terms of mathematical categories and logical relations which can be implemented in an algorithmic manner.

The formal framework suggested in this work would facilitate adequate tools for postulating and evaluating hypotheses about the grammatical system. Moreover, it would furnish the basis for a computer implementation of the grammar. Both these aspects are objects of enquiry in the field of theoretical studies on Pāṇini as well as the emerging discipline of Sanskrit computational linguistics. This book takes on the ground-work in these areas.

Drawing on a number of paradigmatic works of art, the book explores the motif of ‘gypsy’ child-theft and its visualisations. The analytical focus is on the colour coding of bodies in texts and images and their racialised/anti-gypsy uses. Offering a comprehensive survey of the motif’s adaptations to different visual media, the author elaborates on its multiple layers of meaning and functions. The analysis starts with a critical review of Cervantes’ tale “La gitanilla”, moving through seventeenth-century Dutch history painting to take a cursory look at nineteenth-century printed images, and end up with an annotated filmography of 49 cinematic works.

From early modern to modern times, drawing was firmly anchored in the realities of European society as a cultural technique. Based on this fact, the present volume asks for the first time about the significance of drawing and drawing education in other cultural areas. Indigenous methods of drawing and sign-learning in Arabic, Asian, Latin American, North American and European countries are addressed, as well as historical transfer processes of didactic methods, aesthetic norms and educational institutions of drawing instruction.

The texts compiled in "Coptica Palatina" were worked on by young scholars taking part in an International Summer School for Coptic Papyrology under the supervision of the editors. The volume offers editions of Coptic literary and magical texts, of private letters, as well as of legal and administrative documents, all complete with a commentary and a modern translation. These texts originate from different regions of Middle and Upper Egypt (Fayyum, Hermupolis, Bawit, Aphrodito, Esna, Apollonopolis magna) and are datable to the 6^th/7^th up to the 11^th/12^th centuries CE. The bulk of the material, however, comes from the 7^th/8^th century, the crucial period of Egypt’s transition from a province of the Byzantine empire to a province of the early Islamic caliphate

Religious aesthetics have gained increasing importance over the past few years in the fields of Religious studies and Islamic studies. This volume highlights the transcultural dimensions of the theoretical foundations of religious aesthetics. It explores aesthetic experience in the religious field through a series of case studies. These include Islamic sermons from the Middle East and South Asia, Islamic religious chanting, a chapter of the Qurʾān, a German performance artist, Indian rasa theory, and Arabic and Bengali literature. Together, the authors demonstrate that the analysis of the aesthetic forms of religious mediation across regions and genres is a fruitful approach to transcultural studies.

Due to their high material value and their meaningful iconography, Aegean signet rings have already attracted considerable attention in research. The focus was often on the analysis and interpretation of images, however, an overall consideration of this extremely complex archaeological genre and its diverse functions within the Minoan-Mycenaean administration and society was lacking so far. For the first time, not only preserved rings but also imprints of signet rings on sealings are systematically investigated in this work, which allows a new understanding of the material and its transformation during the Aegean Bronze Age.