Every Narrator Is Biased

The Polyphonic Poetics of ‘The Seven Sages of Rome’ in a German Version

Abstract

This article demonstrates that a German-lan­guage verse version of ‘The Seven Sages’ from the first half of the 15th century, entitled ‘Of the Seven Masters’, has a sophisticated polyphonic poetics. ‘Of the Seven Masters’ shows that any single narrative and interpre­tation is necessarily biased by the particular situation of the narrator or interpreter, and that any decision based on such a single version and understanding of a narrative is rash. This is illustrated not only by the fifteen embedded stories and their interpretations but also within the frame narrative by three different accounts and interpretations of the central scene of sexual violence, neither of which justifies the quick decision and violent actions that follow. ‘Of the Seven Masters’ makes explicit that this one-sided narration even includes the heterodiegetic narrator, who in the prologue is presented as an interpreter of limited skill whose interpretations are biased by a specific didactic intent and who is on a par with the seven sages as only one of multiple voices.

Keywords ‘Seven Sages of Rome’; Poetics; Frame Nar­rative; Interpretation; Narration