Handbuch Europäische Sprachkritik Online
type: channel
description: Normierung der Sprache und ihres Gebrauchs ist eng verbunden mit einer Kritik an der Sprache und ihrem Gebrauch. Der Terminus der Sprachnormenkritik hat weder im Englischen noch im Französischen oder Italienischen und auch nicht im Kroatischen eine ausdrucksseitige Entsprechung. Das Konzept der ›Sprachnormenkritik‹ bzw. bestimmte Teilkomponenten sind dessen ungeachtet im Englischen, Französischen, Italienischen und Kroatischen seit Jahrhunderten in der Diskussion.
language: de
publication name: Handbuch Europäische Sprachkritik Online
issn: 2567-8272
items: 9.4 Jezične ideologije i jezična kritika u hrvatskom
items: 9.3 Ideologie linguistiche e Sprachkritik in croato
items: 9.2 Idéologies linguistiques et Sprachkritik en croate
items: 9.1 Language Ideologies and Language Criticism in Croatian
items: 9.0 Sprachideologien und Sprachkritik im Kroatischen
items: 8.4 Jezične ideologije i jezična kritika u talijanskom jeziku
items: 8.3 Ideologie linguistiche e Sprachkritik in italiano
items: 8.2 Idéologies linguistiques et Sprachkritik en italien
items: 8.1 Language Ideologies and Language Criticism in Italian
items: 8.0 Sprachideologien und Sprachkritik im Italienischen
items: 7.4 Jezične ideologije i jezična kritika u francuskom
items: 7.3 Ideologie linguistiche e Sprachkritik in francese
items: 7.2 Idéologies linguistiques et Sprachkritik en français
items: 7.1 Language Ideologies and Language Criticism in French
items: 7.0 Sprachideologien und Sprachkritik im Französischen
items: 6.4 Jezične ideologije i jezična kritika u engleskom
items: 6.3 Ideologie linguistiche e Sprachkritik in inglese
items: 6.2 Idéologies linguistiques et Sprachkritik en anglais
items: 6.1 Language Ideologies and Language Criticism in English
items: 6.0 Sprachideologien und Sprachkritik im Englischen
items: 5.4 Jezične ideologije i jezična kritika u njemačkom
items: 5.3 Ideologie linguistiche e Sprachkritik in tedesco
items: 5.2 Idéologies linguistiques et Sprachkritik en allemand
items: 5.0 Sprachideologien und Sprachkritik im Deutschen
items: 4.4 Jezične ideologije i jezična kritika u europskoj perspektivi
items: 4.3 Ideologie linguistiche e Sprachkritik in una prospettiva europea
items: 4.2 Idéologies linguistiques et Sprachkritik dans une perspective européenne
items: 4.1 Language Ideologies and Language Criticism in European Perspective
items: 5.1 Language Ideologies and Language Criticism in German
items: 4.0 Sprachideologien und Sprachkritik in europäischer Perspektive

9.4 Jezične ideologije i jezična kritika u hrvatskom
type: item
description: Sve moderne razvojne faze hrvatskog jezika bile su na makrorazini ideološki obilježene. Sukladno renenesansnoj ideologiji, u 16. stoljeću dolazi do promicanja regionalnih jezičnih varijeteta, pri čemu varijeteti na obalnim područjima Dalmacije dobivaju status književnih jezika te postaju ravnopravni s ostalim standardnim jezicima. Cijeli se niz varijeteta uključuje u novi književni jezik te počinje upotrebljavati u stilistički različite svrhe. Od 16. stoljeća na sjeverozapadu se razvija i kajkavski književni jezik koji u kasnijim stoljećima postaje i naddijalektalni varijetet, no ostaje van odabrane standardne norme krajem 19. stoljeća te se nakon toga tek povremeno pojavljuje. U 16. stoljeću na jadranskoj obali nastaje dijalektalno raznolik, čakavski književni jezik. Situacija se mijenja u 17. stoljeću kada se čakavski i štokavski, a nešto kasnije i kajkavski dijalekti i njihovi izričaji počinju doživljavati dijelovima jednog jezika i nosiocima istog nadregionalnog identiteta. Od tog se vremena pojavljuju i težnje za nadregionalnim jezičnim ujedinjavanjem koje počinju s čakavicom i štokavicom, a nastavljaju se hibridnim jezikom književnika (iz tzv. ozaljskog književnog kruga) na čakavsko-kajkavsko-štokavskoj granici na zapadu. Ideja zajedničkog jezičnog blaga dovodi do pisanja rječnika koji obuhvaćaju različite dijalekte, te do djelomično hibridnih gramatičkih rješenja. Osim toga, u 17. stoljeću po nalogu Rima dolazi do normiranja jezika u svrhe katoličke protureformacije. Ova svrsishodna norma nije izravno inkluzivna, nego je apstraktna te povijesno i književno rekonstruirana jezična norma koja dopušta razne varijetete kao ravnopravne izgovorne mogućnosti. Stvorena je za potrebe prevođenja biblijskih tekstova te korištena u svrhu uspostave i utvrđenja identiteta. Početkom 19. stoljeća javlja se i politička i kuturna ideologija državnog jezika. Od tog vremena jezična norma kojoj se teži više nije apstraktna, već postaje odraz kulturne povijesti i političkog ideala …
subject: Einzelsprachliche Artikel
  topic: section
subject: jezični izbor
  topic: keywords
subject: izgradnja identiteta
  topic: keywords
subject: purizam
  topic: keywords
subject: dijalekti
  topic: keywords
subject: jezični autoritet
  topic: keywords
creator: Jadranka Gvozdanović
creator: Iva Petrak
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Handbuch Europäische Sprachkritik Online
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 559
ending page: 571
doi: 10.17885/heiup.heso.2025.5.25248

9.3 Ideologie linguistiche e Sprachkritik in croato
type: item
description: A livello macro tutte le fasi moderne dello sviluppo del croato sono state influenzate dalle ideologie. Nel Rinascimento del XVI secolo, le varietà linguistiche regionali delle aree costiere della Dalmazia, in conformità con l’ideologia del Rinascimento, vennero elevate a lingua standard letteraria e vennero di conseguenza considerate originali e pari alle altre lingue standard. L’intera gamma di varietà fu incorporata nella nuova lingua letteraria e utilizzata in modo stilisticamente differenziato. A partire dal XVI secolo, inoltre, a nord-ovest si sviluppò una lingua letteraria dialettale caicava che divenne sovradialettale nei secoli successivi, ma che alla fine del XIX secolo rimase al di fuori della norma standard scelta e in seguito apparve solo sporadicamente. Sulla costa adriatica, nel XVI secolo, emerse una lingua letteraria, una variante dialettale del ciacavo. Nel XVII secolo, invece, i dialetti ciacavi e stocavi, e in seguito anche caicavi, e le loro forme di espressione vennero intesi come parti di un’unica lingua e portatori della stessa identità sovraregionale. Da allora si aspirò sempre di più ad un’unificazione sovradialettale, partendo dal ciacavo e dallo stocavo fino ad arrivare ad una lingua ibrida degli scrittori (del cosiddetto circolo di Ozalj) al confine tra il caicavo, il ciacavo e lo stocavo diffuso ad ovest. L’idea di un patrimonio lessicale comune ha portato alla creazione di dizionari integrativi e a soluzioni grammaticali talvolta ibride. Inoltre, nel XVII secolo per ordine di Roma la lingua è stata standardizzata ai fini della Controriforma cattolica. Questa norma che mirava a raggiungere uno scopo specifico non era direttamente inclusiva; si trattava di una norma linguistica astratta, storicamente e letterariamente ricostruita, che ammetteva le varietà come opzioni di implementazione di pari valore. Questa norma è stata creata per le traduzioni di testi biblici e serviva per la creazione e la costituzione di un’identità. All’inizio de…
subject: Einzelsprachliche Artikel
  topic: section
subject: scelta della lingua
  topic: keywords
subject: costruzione identitaria
  topic: keywords
subject: purismo
  topic: keywords
subject: dialetti
  topic: keywords
subject: autorità linguistica
  topic: keywords
creator: Jadranka Gvozdanović
creator: Ilaria Sacconi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Handbuch Europäische Sprachkritik Online
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 545
ending page: 558
doi: 10.17885/heiup.heso.2025.5.25247

9.2 Idéologies linguistiques et Sprachkritik en croate
type: item
description: Toutes les évolutions récentes du croates étaient marquées idéologiquement au niveau macrolinguistique. Au 16e siècle, époque de la Renaissance, les variétés linguistiques régionales des Dalmates furent élevées, conformément à l’idéologie de la Renaissance, au niveau de la langue littéraire et rendues équivalentes à d’autres langues standards. Toute la palette de variétés linguistiques fut pris en charge par la nouvelle langue littéraire, dont elles étaient différenciées par un emploi stylistique particulier. S’ajoute à cela une langue littéraire issue d’un dialecte kaïkavien, développée depuis le 16e siècle dans le nord-ouest de la Croatie, qui prit le dessus, au fil des siècles, sur les autres dialectes mais qui, à la fin du 19e siècle, resta en dehors de la norme standard choisie, ce qui réduisit sa visibilité par la suite. Sur la côte adriatique apparut au 16e siècle une langue littéraire, variante dialectale du tchakavien. Il en fut tout autrement au 17e siècle, quand le tchakavien et le chtokavi en furent admis comme constituants d’une seule langue et comme porteurs de la même identité suprarégionale, comme le furent aussi plus tard les dialectes kaïkaviens et leurs formes extérieures. Depuis, se sont développées des aspirations à unifier les dialectes tchakaviens et chtokaviens pour aboutir à une lange hybride des écrivains (issue du fameux cercle d’Ozalj), qui se situe à la frontière du kaïkavien, du tchakavien et du chtokavien, à l’ouest du pays. L’idée d’un patrimoine lexical commun mena à concevoir des dictionnaires intégratifs et à trouver des solutions grammaticales partiellement hybrides. De plus, au 17e siècle, la langue fut normée, sous l’impulsion romaine, pour servir les besoins de la Contre-Réforme catholique. Cette norme orientée vers un but n’était pas directement inclusive ; il s’agissait d’une norme linguistique abstraite, reconstruite à partir de l’histoire et de la littérature et qui admettait les variétés linguistiques comme des possibilité…
subject: Einzelsprachliche Artikel
  topic: section
subject: sélection linguistique
  topic: keywords
subject: construction d’une identité
  topic: keywords
subject: purisme
  topic: keywords
subject: dialecte
  topic: keywords
subject: autorité linguistique
  topic: keywords
creator: Jadranka Gvozdanović
creator: Paul Chibret
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Handbuch Europäische Sprachkritik Online
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 529
ending page: 544
doi: 10.17885/heiup.heso.2025.5.25246

9.1 Language Ideologies and Language Criticism in Croatian
type: item
description: In the development of the Croatian language, every modern-era phase has been shaped on a macro-level by ideology. During the Renaissance of the 16th century, in keeping with prevailing ideology, the regional language variants of the coastal regions of Dalmatia were elevated to the status of literary standard languages, thus establishing them as indigenous and equal in status to the other standard languages. The full range of variants was incorporated into the new literary language and were stylistically differentiated through their manner of usage. From the 16th century on, a Kajkavian dialectal literary language also emerged in the northwest. In later centuries, this became supra-dialectal, but remained outside the standard established in the late 19th century, subsequently appearing only sporadically. In the 16th century, a Chakavian literary language with dialectal variants emerged on the Adriatic coast. In the 17th century, the situation was quite different. At that time, the Chakavian and Shtokavian dialects, and later, also the Kajkavian dialect, including their various expressions, were considered components of a single language and bearers of the same supra-regional identity. Since that time, efforts have been made to unify the dialects, from Chakavian and Shtokavian to even a hybrid language devised by writers (members of the ‘Ozalj Circle’) in the west, on the Chakavian-Kajkavian-Shtokavian border. The notion of a common lexical system led to integrative dictionaries and, occasionally, to hybrid grammatical solutions. Moreover, the language was standardised in the 17th century by order of Rome, as part of the Catholic Counter-Reformation. This expedient standard was not exactly inclusive; it was an abstract, historically and literarily reconstruct ed language standard that allowed variants to be used as equally valid options. This standard was created for the translation of biblical texts and was used to create and substantiate identity. At the beginning o…
subject: Einzelsprachliche Artikel
  topic: section
subject: language choice
  topic: keywords
subject: construction of identity
  topic: keywords
subject: linguistic purism
  topic: keywords
subject: dialects
  topic: keywords
subject: language authority
  topic: keywords
creator: Jadranka Gvozdanović
creator: Cynthia Dyre
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Handbuch Europäische Sprachkritik Online
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 513
ending page: 527
doi: 10.17885/heiup.heso.2025.5.25245

9.0 Sprachideologien und Sprachkritik im Kroatischen
type: item
description: Alle neuzeitlichen Entwicklungsphasen des Kroatischen waren auf der Makroebene ideologisch geprägt. In der Renaissance des 16. Jahrhunderts wurden, der Ideologie der Renaissance entsprechend, die regionalen Sprachvarietäten der Küstenregionen Dalmatiens zur literarischen Hochsprache erhoben und entsprechend als ursprünglich und den anderen Hochsprachen ebenbürtig begründet. Die ganze Varietätsbreite wurde in die neue Literatursprache aufgenommen und stilistisch differenziert verwendet. Seit dem 16. Jahrhundert entwickelte sich zudem im Nordwesten eine kajkavische dialektale Literatursprache, die in den späteren Jahrhunderten überdialektal wurde, aber im späten 19. Jahrhundert außerhalb der gewählten Standardnorm blieb und nachher nur noch vereinzelt auftrat. An der adriatischen Küste entstand im 16. Jahr hundert eine čakavische, dialektal variierende Literatursprache. Anders war es im 17. Jahrhundert, als die čakavischen und štokavischen, später auch kajkavischen Dialekte und ihre Äußerungsformen als Teile einer Sprache und Träger derselben überregionalen Identität verstanden wurden. Seitdem entwickelten sich Bestrebungen einer überdialektalen Unifizierung, angefangen beim Čakavischen und Štokavischen bis hin zu einer hybriden Sprache der Schriftsteller (aus dem sog. Ozalj-Zirkel) an der Grenze des Kajkavischen, des Čakavischen und des Štokavischen im Westen. Die Idee eines gemeinsamen lexikalischen Guts führte zu integrativ konzipierten Wörterbüchern und teilweise hybriden Grammatiklösungen. Des Weiteren wurde die Sprache im 17. Jahrhundert zum Zwecke der katholischen Kontrareformation auf Befehl Roms normiert. Diese zweckbezogene Norm war nicht direkt inklusiv; sie war eine abstrakte, historisch und literarisch rekonstruierte Sprachnorm, die Varietäten als gleichwertige Implementierungsmöglichkeiten zuließ. Diese Norm wurde für Übersetzungen biblischer Texte geschaffen und diente der Identitätsschaffung und -begründung. Am Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts kam die polit…
subject: Einzelsprachliche Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Sprachwahl
  topic: keywords
subject: Identitätskonstruktion
  topic: keywords
subject: Purismus
  topic: keywords
subject: Dialekte
  topic: keywords
subject: Sprachautorität
  topic: keywords
creator: Jadranka Gvozdanović
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Handbuch Europäische Sprachkritik Online
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 497
ending page: 511
doi: 10.17885/heiup.heso.2025.5.25244

8.4 Jezične ideologije i jezična kritika u talijanskom jeziku
type: item
description: U Republici Italiji, uz talijanski, na lokalnoj razini status drugih službenih jezika danas imaju i francuski, njemački, ladinski i slovenski. Ukupno dvanaest manjinskih jezika uživa u Italiji osobit status. Svijest o tome da se prirodni jezici mogu manifestirati u svojim različitim varijantama postoji već od kraja srednjeg vijeka. Postupni proces formiranja firentinskog kao krovnog varijeteta nad različitim narječjima bio je oduvijek popraćen i pozitivnim i negativnim stavovima. Ovi se stavovi mogu svrstati u dvije komplementarne skupine. Dok jedna zagovara jednojezičnost i promiče književnoestetsku, odnosno u svojim kasnijim fazama ideološko-političku argumentaciju, druga je pluralistički orijentirana. Rasprave o raznolikosti varijeteta, stoljećima konkurentnim glotonimima, nazivima za jezične manjine, stavovima prema angloameričkom utjecaju, kao i debate o promjenama norme uslijed takozvane političke korektnosti (political correctness) predstavljene su u članku kao izrazi i nositelji jezičnih ideologija.
subject: Einzelsprachliche Artikel
  topic: section
subject: jezična procjena
  topic: keywords
subject: promišljanje o jeziku
  topic: keywords
subject: koncept norme
  topic: keywords
subject: jezični ideal
  topic: keywords
subject: purizam
  topic: keywords
subject: pluralistički pogled na jezik
  topic: keywords
subject: jednojezičnost
  topic: keywords
subject: ideologija nacionalnog jezika
  topic: keywords
subject: glotonim/naziv jezika
  topic: keywords
subject: manjinski jezik
  topic: keywords
subject: volgare illustre
  topic: keywords
subject: antilingua
  topic: keywords
creator: Antje Lobin
creator: Iva Petrak
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Handbuch Europäische Sprachkritik Online
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 487
ending page: 496
doi: 10.17885/heiup.heso.2025.5.25243

8.3 Ideologie linguistiche e Sprachkritik in italiano
type: item
description: Nella Repubblica Italiana, oltre all’italiano che è la lingua ufficiale, hanno carattere di co-ufficialità a livello locale anche il francese, il tedesco, il ladino e lo sloveno. In totale, dodici lingue minoritarie godono di uno status speciale. Fin dalla fine del Medioevo si è diffusa una forte consapevolezza del fatto che le lingue naturali si manifestano sotto forma di diverse varietà. Il graduale processo di subordinazione dei diversi dialetti al fiorentino è stato costantemente accompagnato da valutazioni sia positive che negative, classificabili in due correnti complementari. Mentre una è legata al monolinguismo e persegue una linea di argomentazione letterario-estetica e in seguito ideologico-politica, l’altra è pluralistica. Le negoziazioni relative alla molteplicità delle varietà, così come i glottonimi che si riscontrano ed entrano in competizione tra loro nel corso dei secoli, le denominazioni per le minoranze linguistiche, i posizionamenti nei confronti dell’influenza angloamericana o le discussioni sui cambiamenti della norma nel senso del cosiddetto politicamente corretto (political correctness), esprimono e rappresentano le ideologie linguistiche, presentate in modo esemplare in questo Manuale.
subject: Einzelsprachliche Artikel
  topic: section
subject: valutazione linguistica
  topic: keywords
subject: riflessione linguistica
  topic: keywords
subject: concetto di norma
  topic: keywords
subject: ideale linguistico
  topic: keywords
subject: purismo
  topic: keywords
subject: visione pluralistica della lingua
  topic: keywords
subject: monolinguismo
  topic: keywords
subject: ideologia della lingua nazionale
  topic: keywords
subject: glottonimo/denominazione della lingua
  topic: keywords
subject: lingua minoritaria
  topic: keywords
subject: volgare illustre
  topic: keywords
subject: antilingua
  topic: keywords
creator: Antje Lobin
creator: Ilaria Sacconi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Handbuch Europäische Sprachkritik Online
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 477
ending page: 486
doi: 10.17885/heiup.heso.2025.5.25242

8.2 Idéologies linguistiques et Sprachkritik en italien
type: item
description: Aujourd’hui, dans la République italienne, aux côtés de l’italien comme langue administrative coexistent au niveau local le français, l’allemand, le ladin et le slovène et partagent un statut officiel. Ce sont, au total, douze langues minoritaires qui jouissent d’un statut spécifique. De puis la fin du Moyen-Age s’est ancré le sentiment selon lequel les langues naturelles se manifestent sous la forme de diverses variétés. Le fait que les différents dialects furent progressivement supplantés par le florentin s’est accompagné tantôt d’approbations tantôt de désapprobations. Celles-ci correspondent à deux mouvements complémentaires. Pendant que l’un est dévoué à l’unilinguisme et bâtit une ligne de défenses d’abord fondée sur des arguments littéraires et esthétiques puis, plus tard, idéologiques et politiques, l’autre tend vers le pluralisme linguistique. Les négociations menées dans le contexte de la diversité linguistique expriment et représentent des idéologies linguistiques dont certains exemples feront, ici, l’objet de développements détaillés. Ces négociations sont, en cela, comparables aux glottonymes apparaissant au fil des siècles et rentrant en concurrence les uns avec les autres, aux désignations des minorités linguistiques, aux positionnements vis-à-vis de l’influence anglo-américaine ou bien encore aux discussions portant sur les modifications normatives en lien avec le political correctness (‹ politiquement correct ›).
subject: Einzelsprachliche Artikel
  topic: section
subject: évaluation linguistique
  topic: keywords
subject: réflexion linguistique
  topic: keywords
subject: concept de norme
  topic: keywords
subject: idéal linguistique
  topic: keywords
subject: purisme
  topic: keywords
subject: conception linguistique plurielle
  topic: keywords
subject: unilinguisme
  topic: keywords
subject: idéologie linguistique nationale/nationalisme linguistique
  topic: keywords
subject: glottonyme/désignation linguistique
  topic: keywords
subject: langue minoritaire
  topic: keywords
subject: volgare illustre
  topic: keywords
subject: antilingua
  topic: keywords
creator: Antje Lobin
creator: Paul Chibret
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Handbuch Europäische Sprachkritik Online
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 465
ending page: 475
doi: 10.17885/heiup.heso.2025.5.25241

8.1 Language Ideologies and Language Criticism in Italian
type: item
description: In present-day Italy, alongside Italian as the official language, French, German, Ladinian and Slovenian all have co-official status at the local level. A total of twelve minority languages enjoy special status. Since the latter days of the Middle Ages, there has been a keen awareness that natural languages manifest themselves in the form of multiple variations. The gradual process by which the various dialects were overtaken by the Florentine vernacular was met with both positive and negative assessments. These can be divided into two complementary streams, one of which is committed to monolingualism and has adhered to literary-aesthetic or, later, ideological-political arguments, and another that is pluralistic in nature. The negotiations surrounding the diversity of the variations, as well as the competing glottonyms that have emerged over the centuries, the designations for linguistic minorities, the positioning vis-à-vis Anglo-American influence and the discussions concerning shifting norms in the spirit of ‘political correctness’ are all expressions and conveyances of linguistic ideologies that will be presented here as examples.
subject: Einzelsprachliche Artikel
  topic: section
subject: language assessment
  topic: keywords
subject: language reflection
  topic: keywords
subject: standardisation
  topic: keywords
subject: language ideal
  topic: keywords
subject: purism
  topic: keywords
subject: pluralistic language acquisition
  topic: keywords
subject: monolingualism
  topic: keywords
subject: national language ideology
  topic: keywords
subject: glottonym/language designations
  topic: keywords
subject: minority languages
  topic: keywords
subject: volgare illustre
  topic: keywords
subject: antilingua
  topic: keywords
creator: Antje Lobin
creator: Cynthia Dyre
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Handbuch Europäische Sprachkritik Online
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 453
ending page: 463
doi: 10.17885/heiup.heso.2025.5.25240

8.0 Sprachideologien und Sprachkritik im Italienischen
type: item
description: In der Republik Italien haben heute neben der Amtssprache Italienisch auf lokaler Ebene das Französische, das Deutsche, das Ladinische und das Slowenische kooffiziellen Status. Insgesamt genießen zwölf Minderheitensprachen einen Sonderstatus. Seit dem ausgehenden Mittelalter besteht ein ausgeprägtes Bewusstsein darüber, dass sich natürliche Sprachen in Form verschiedener Varietäten manifestieren. Der allmähliche Prozess der Überdachung der unterschiedlichen Mundarten durch das Florentinische wurde beständig von wertenden positiven wie negativen Stellungnahmen begleitet. Diese lassen sich zwei komplementären Strömungen zuordnen. Während die eine dem Monolinguismus verpflichtet ist und eine literarisch-ästhetische bzw. später ideologisch-politische Argumentationslinie verfolgt, ist die andere pluralistisch ausgerichtet. Die Aushandlungen im Zusammenhang mit der Varietätenvielfalt sind ebenso wie die im Laufe der Jahrhunderte vorkommenden und konkurrierenden Glottonyme, die Bezeichnungen für sprachliche Minderheiten, die Positionierungen gegenüber dem angloamerikanischen Einfluss oder auch die Diskussionen um Normverschiebungen im Sinne der sog. political correctness Ausdruck und Träger von sprachlichen Ideologien, die hier exemplarisch präsentiert werden.
subject: Einzelsprachliche Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Sprachbewertung
  topic: keywords
subject: Sprachreflexion
  topic: keywords
subject: Normkonzept
  topic: keywords
subject: Sprachideal
  topic: keywords
subject: Purismus
  topic: keywords
subject: pluralistische Sprachauffassung
  topic: keywords
subject: Monolinguismus
  topic: keywords
subject: Nationalsprachenideologie
  topic: keywords
subject: Glottonym/Sprachbezeichnung
  topic: keywords
subject: Minderheitensprache
  topic: keywords
subject: volgare illustre
  topic: keywords
subject: antilingua
  topic: keywords
creator: Antje Lobin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Handbuch Europäische Sprachkritik Online
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 441
ending page: 451
doi: 10.17885/heiup.heso.2025.5.25239

7.4 Jezične ideologije i jezična kritika u francuskom
type: item
description: Pojam jezična ideologija u francuskom jeziku obično ima negativnu konotaciju. Jedna od najvažnijih jezično-ideoloških rasprava kojoj se i u francuskoj javnosti pridaje mnogo pažnje odnosi se na pitanje jezičnog standarda. U ovoj debati često dolazi do degradacije drugih jezika i drugih varijeteta francuskog (koji se često zamjenjuju širim pojmom patois). Uz temu standarda, jezično-ideološke rasprave i diskursi naglašavaju i aspekte koji su usađeni u predodžbi (imaginaire) govornika, kao što je primjerice ideja o jedinstvenoj jasnoći francuskog jezika. No i odbacivanje posuđenica u okviru purizma prema stranim riječima, osobito anglizama, također se nerijetko javlja kao tema jezično-ideoloških rasprava, u kojima do danas u određenoj mjeri sudjeluje i Francuska Akademija Znanosti (Académie française). Trenutačno se u sklopu jezično-ideoloških debata spominje i pitanje inkluzivnog pisanja (écriture inclusive). Pritom se u procjeni kao značajni argumenti za odbacivanje inkluzivnog jezika navode pomutnja, nečitkost te eventualne poteškoće u izgovoru. U mnogobrojnim jezično-ideološkim debatama zahtijeva se odluka od strane Académie française kao nadležnog tijela.
subject: Einzelsprachliche Artikel
  topic: section
subject: jezični purizam
  topic: keywords
subject: bon usage
  topic: keywords
subject: višejezičnost
  topic: keywords
subject: zloupotreba riječi (abus de mots)
  topic: keywords
subject: predodžba o francuskom jeziku (imaginaire français)
  topic: keywords
subject: jasnoća
  topic: keywords
subject: anglizmi
  topic: keywords
subject: purizam prema stranim riječima
  topic: keywords
subject: inkluzivni jezik
  topic: keywords
subject: nacionalni jezik
  topic: keywords
creator: Sybille Große
creator: Iva Petrak
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Handbuch Europäische Sprachkritik Online
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 427
ending page: 439
doi: 10.17885/heiup.heso.2025.5.25238

7.3 Ideologie linguistiche e Sprachkritik in francese
type: item
description: Il concetto di ideologia linguistica ha solitamente una connotazione negativa in Francia. Uno dei più importanti dibattiti ideologico-linguistici, che riceve rispettivamente molta attenzione anche nell’opinione pubblica francese, è la questione dello standard linguistico. In questo dibattito, non è raro che altre lingue e altre varietà del francese (spesso raggruppate sotto il termine meno specifico di patois) vengano declassate. Oltre allo standard, le discussioni e i discorsi ideologico-linguistici sottolineano aspetti che sono ancorati nell’imaginaire di numerosi parlanti, come l’idea della straordinaria chiarezza della lingua francese. Anche la questione del rifiuto dei prestiti di parole straniere, in particolare degli anglicismi, nel contesto del purismo, rientra nelle discussioni ideologico-linguistiche in cui anche l’Académie française è coinvolta ancora oggi in una certa misura. Attualmente, anche la questione dell’écriture inclusive viene discussa da un punto di vista ideologico-linguistico. La scrittura inclusiva viene valutata o rifiutata sulla base di relative argomentazioni riguardanti la confusione, l’illeggibilità o le possibili difficoltà di pronuncia. In numerosi dibattiti ideologico-linguistici, viene richiesta una presa di posizione autorevole da parte dell’Académie française.
subject: Einzelsprachliche Artikel
  topic: section
subject: purismo linguistico
  topic: keywords
subject: bon usage
  topic: keywords
subject: multilinguismo
  topic: keywords
subject: abuso di parole (abus de mots)
  topic: keywords
subject: imaginaire français
  topic: keywords
subject: chiarezza
  topic: keywords
subject: anglicismi
  topic: keywords
subject: purismo contro l’uso delle parole straniere
  topic: keywords
subject: scrittura inclusiva
  topic: keywords
subject: lingua nazionale
  topic: keywords
creator: Sybille Große
creator: Ilaria Sacconi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Handbuch Europäische Sprachkritik Online
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 413
ending page: 426
doi: 10.17885/heiup.heso.2025.5.25237

7.2 Idéologies linguistiques et Sprachkritik en français
type: item
description: En France, le concept d’idéologie linguistique est le plus souvent connoté négativement. L’une des plus importantes querelles idéologico-linguistiques, qui attire l’attention dans l’opinion publique française, concerne la question du standard linguistique. Il n’est pas rare que ce débat mène à dévaloriser d’autres langues ou d’autres variétés linguistiques du français (que l’on désigne souvent par la notion peu spécifique de patois). A part le standard, les aspects qui se dégagent des discussions et des discours d’idéologie linguistique sont ceux qui s’ancrent dans l’imaginaire de nombreux locuteurs, à savoir par exemple la représentation que l’on se fait de la clarté de la langue française. Mais c’est aussi le rejet d’emprunts lexicaux dans le contexte du purisme linguistique hostile aux lexèmes non-natifs, aux anglicismes tout particulièrement, qui fait l’objet de discussions d’idéologie linguistique auxquelles prend part aussi, dans une certaine mesure, l’Académie française, jusqu’à aujourd’hui. Aujourd’hui, c’est le débat autour de l’écriture inclusive qui est mené dans ce cadre et qui est concerné par de l’idéologie linguistique. Dans l’évaluation, ou plutôt le rejet de l’écriture inclusive, les arguments de la confusion, de l’illisibilité ou de la difficulté de prononciation jouent un rôle conforme à une idéologie linguistique. Dans une foule de débats dominés par des idéologies linguistiques, c’est une décision de l’Académie française qui est attendue, en dernière instance, pour faire autorité.
subject: Einzelsprachliche Artikel
  topic: section
subject: purisme linguistique
  topic: keywords
subject: bon usage
  topic: keywords
subject: plurilinguisme
  topic: keywords
subject: abus de mots
  topic: keywords
subject: imaginaire français
  topic: keywords
subject: clarté
  topic: keywords
subject: anglicismes
  topic: keywords
subject: purisme à l’égard des mots étrangers
  topic: keywords
subject: écriture inclusive
  topic: keywords
subject: langue nationale
  topic: keywords
creator: Sybille Große
creator: Paul Chibret
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Handbuch Europäische Sprachkritik Online
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 399
ending page: 412
doi: 10.17885/heiup.heso.2025.5.25236

7.1 Language Ideologies and Language Criticism in French
type: item
description: In France, the term language ideology generally has a negative connotation. One of the most prominent language ideological debates, which has also received an analogous level of public attention, surrounds the issue of the language standard. Within this debate, it is not rare for other languages and other variants of the French language (often collectively described quite non-specifically with the term patois) to be disparaged. Along with this emphasis on the language standard, language ideological discussions and discourses address aspects anchored in the imaginaire of many speakers, including the notion of the unique clarity of the French language. However, in the spirit of language purism, language ideological discussions, in which the Académie française continues to be involved to a certain extent, also include the rejection of borrowed words, particularly Anglicisms. Presently, the issue of écriture inclusive (‘inclusive written language’) is also being debated in terms of language ideology. Arguments citing potential confusion, illegibility, or possible difficulties in pronunciation play a major role in the assessment or rejection of inclusive writing. Within numerous language ideological debates, demands are being voiced for an authoritative decision on the part of the Académie française.
subject: Einzelsprachliche Artikel
  topic: section
subject: language purism
  topic: keywords
subject: bon usage
  topic: keywords
subject: multilingualism
  topic: keywords
subject: abuse of language (abus de mots)
  topic: keywords
subject: imaginaire français
  topic: keywords
subject: clarity
  topic: keywords
subject: Anglicisms
  topic: keywords
subject: foreign word purism
  topic: keywords
subject: inclusive writing
  topic: keywords
subject: national language
  topic: keywords
creator: Sybille Große
creator: Cynthia Dyre
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Handbuch Europäische Sprachkritik Online
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 385
ending page: 398
doi: 10.17885/heiup.heso.2025.5.25235

7.0 Sprachideologien und Sprachkritik im Französischen
type: item
description: Der Begriff der Sprachideologie ist in Frankreich zumeist negativ konnotiert. Eine der wichtigsten sprachideologischen Auseinandersetzungen, die auch in der französischen Öffentlichkeit entsprechende Aufmerksamkeit erhält, ist die Frage des sprachlichen Standards. In dieser Debatte kommt es nicht selten zur Herabstufung anderer Sprachen und anderer Varietäten des Französischen (oftmals unter dem wenig spezifischen Begriff der patois zusammengefasst). Neben dem Standard werden in den sprachideologischen Diskussionen und Diskursen Aspekte herausgestellt, die sich im imaginaire zahlreicher Sprechenden verankern, so beispielsweise die Vorstellung der einzigartigen Klarheit der französischen Sprache. Aber auch die Zurückweisung von Entlehnungen im Kontext von Fremdwortpurismus, insbesondere von Anglizismen, wird in sprachideologische Diskussionen eingebunden, an der in gewissem Rahmen bis heute auch die Académie française beteiligt ist. Aktuell wird zudem die Frage der écriture inclusive sprachideologisch geführt. In der Bewertung bzw. Zurückweisung des inklusiven Schreibens spielen die Argumente der Konfusion, der Unleserlichkeit oder der möglichen Schwierigkeiten in der Aussprache eine entsprechende Rolle. In zahlreichen sprachideologischen Debatten wird eine Autoritätsentscheidung von Seiten der Académie française eingefordert.
subject: Einzelsprachliche Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Sprachpurismus
  topic: keywords
subject: bon usage
  topic: keywords
subject: Mehrsprachigkeit
  topic: keywords
subject: Wortmissbrauch (abus de mots)
  topic: keywords
subject: imaginaire français
  topic: keywords
subject: Klarheit
  topic: keywords
subject: Anglizismen
  topic: keywords
subject: Fremdwortpurismus
  topic: keywords
subject: inklusives Schreiben
  topic: keywords
subject: Nationalsprache
  topic: keywords
creator: Sybille Große
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Handbuch Europäische Sprachkritik Online
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 371
ending page: 384
doi: 10.17885/heiup.heso.2025.5.25234

6.4 Jezične ideologije i jezična kritika u engleskom
type: item
description: Jezična ideologija odnosi se na skup ideja i uvjerenja o upotrebi jezika, njegovim govornicima te diskurzivnim praksama u jezičnim zajednicama. Ova ideologija podrazumijeva određeni stupanj dosljednosti u jeziku i njegovim standardiziranim normama te interpretira svako odstupanje od tih normi kao ‘manje idealno’ (usp. osnovni članak ovog sveska). U ovom članku opisujemo kako se ‘idealna’ upotreba engleskog jezika mijenjala kroz vrijeme te dajemo pregled društveno-kulturnih događaja koji su kroz povijest utjecali na te promjene, stavljajući pritom osobit naglasak na izgovor. U članku istražujemo nastanak gotovo imaginarnog koncepta govornog standarda u (britanskom) engleskom jeziku te razmatramo kako je standard pod nazivom Received Pronunciation (RP) oblikovan po modelu koji je bio pod utjecajem društvene klase, regionalne raspodjele i razine obrazovanja. Dominacija ovog standarda dodatno je utvrđena kada ga je 1922. godine usvojio British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), nakon čega on postaje poznat pod nazivom BBC-English. Razlog za usvajanje ove varijante je njezina neutralna jezična upotreba koja je bila lako razumljiva široj publici. Promjene u društvenim klasama, hegemonija jezika kao i napreci u tehnologiji doprinose prihvaćanju novih varijeteta engleskog i smanjivanju negativnih stavova prema manje poznatim naglascima i dijalektima kao i nestandardnoj jezičnoj upotrebi, posebice u suvremenoj Britaniji i Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama.
subject: Einzelsprachliche Artikel
  topic: section
subject: ideologija
  topic: keywords
subject: Received Pronunciation
  topic: keywords
subject: jezična čistoća
  topic: keywords
subject: diskriminacija
  topic: keywords
subject: varijeteti engleskog
  topic: keywords
subject: izvorni govornik
  topic: keywords
creator: Nina Dumrukcic
creator: Sophie Du Bois
creator: Beatrix Busse
creator: Iva Petrak
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Handbuch Europäische Sprachkritik Online
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 353
ending page: 369
doi: 10.17885/heiup.heso.2025.5.25233

6.3 Ideologie linguistiche e Sprachkritik in inglese
type: item
description: L’ideologia linguistica si riferisce a un insieme di idee e credenze su come usare la lingua, sui suoi parlanti e sulle pratiche discorsive nella relativa comunità linguistica. Questa ideologia implica un livello di coerenza in una lingua e nelle sue norme standardizzate e che qualsiasi deviazione da tali norme possa essere considerata ‘inferiore all’ideale’ (si veda l’articolo introduttivo di questo volume). In questo articolo forniamo una panoramica di come l’uso ‘ideale’ della lingua inglese sia cambiato nel tempo e dell’impatto di vari eventi socio-culturali nella storia su questi sviluppi, con particolare attenzione alla pronuncia. Analizziamo inoltre come il concetto quasi immaginario di lingua standard parlata sia emerso nella storia dell’inglese (britannico). Uno standard parlato, noto come Received Pronunciation (RP), ha costituito un modello influenzato dalla classe sociale, dalla geografia e dai livelli di istruzione. La predominanza dello standard parlato (RP) fu ulteriormente rafforzata quando fu adottato dalle emittenti della British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) nel 1922 e in seguito venne chiamato BBC-English, con l’obiettivo di adottare un uso neutro della lingua, facilmente comprensibile da un vasto pubblico. Fattori come il cambiamento della classe sociale e l’egemonia delle lingue, nonché i progressi della tecnologia, hanno contribuito all’accettazione di un maggior numero di varietà di inglese e alla riduzione di atteggiamenti negativi nei confronti di accenti e dialetti meno noti o di usi non standard, in particolare nella Gran Bretagna contemporanea e negli Stati Uniti d’America.
subject: Einzelsprachliche Artikel
  topic: section
subject: ideologia
  topic: keywords
subject: Received Pronunciation
  topic: keywords
subject: purezza della lingua
  topic: keywords
subject: discriminazione
  topic: keywords
subject: varietà di inglese
  topic: keywords
subject: madrelingua
  topic: keywords
creator: Nina Dumrukcic
creator: Sophie Du Bois
creator: Beatrix Busse
creator: Ilaria Sacconi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Handbuch Europäische Sprachkritik Online
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 337
ending page: 352
doi: 10.17885/heiup.heso.2025.5.25232

6.2 Idéologies linguistiques et Sprachkritik en anglais
type: item
description: L’idéologie linguistique renvoie à une série de représentations et de convictions sur les emplois de la langue ainsi qu’aux locuteurs et à leurs pratiques discursives dans une communauté linguistique. Cette idéologie implique qu’une langue et ses normes standardisées soient consistantes, dans une certaine mesure, et que chaque écart par rapport à ces normes puisse être vu comme ‹ moins que l’idéal › (cf. l’article sur les fondements théoriques dans ce volume). Cet article offre un aperçu de la manière dont l’emploi ‹ idéal › de la langue anglaise s’est modifié avec le temps et quelle influence ont eue les différents événements socio-culturels sur cette évolution au cours de l’histoire ; cette étude mettra l’accent sur la prononciation. Il apportera une explication à la manière dont le concept presque imaginaire de standard parlé est apparu dans l’histoire de l’anglais (britannique). Un standard parlé, qui fut désigné par le terme de Received Pronunciation (RP), constitua un modèle qui était influencé par la classe sociale, la géographie et le niveau d’étude. La dominance de la RP se renforça encore lorsqu’elle fut reprise en 1922 par l’entreprise de radio de la British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) et renommée BBC-English. Cette entreprise avait pour objectif d’employer une langue neutre qui serait aisément compréhensible par un large public. Des faits tels que l’évolution des classes sociales, l’hégémonie des langues tout comme les progrès technologiques ont contribué à ce que toujours plus de variétés de l’anglais furent acceptées et que les préjugés dépréciatifs vis-à-vis d’accents et de dialectes moins connus ou d’un emploi linguistique déviant du standard furent déconstruits, en particulier dans le Royaume-Uni actuel et les Etats-Unis d’Amérique.
subject: Einzelsprachliche Artikel
  topic: section
subject: idéologie
  topic: keywords
subject: Received Pronunciation
  topic: keywords
subject: pureté linguistique
  topic: keywords
subject: discrimination
  topic: keywords
subject: variétés de l’anglais
  topic: keywords
subject: locuteur natif
  topic: keywords
creator: Nina Dumrukcic
creator: Sophie Du Bois
creator: Beatrix Busse
creator: Paul Chibret
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Handbuch Europäische Sprachkritik Online
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 319
ending page: 335
doi: 10.17885/heiup.heso.2025.5.25231

6.1 Language Ideologies and Language Criticism in English
type: item
description: Language ideology refers to a set of ideas and beliefs about how to use language, its speakers, and the discursive practices in that language community. This ideology implies a level of consistency in a language and its standardised norms and that any deviation from those norms might be considered ‘less than the ideal’ (see the foundational article in this volume). In this article, we provide an overview of how the ‘ideal’ use of the English language has changed over time, and the impact of various socio-cultural events in history on these developments, with a particular focus on pronunciation. We discuss how the almost imaginary concept of a spoken standard emerged in the history of (British) English. A spoken standard labelled Received Pronunciation (RP) formed a model that was influenced by social class, geography, and levels of education. The dominance of RP was further reinforced, when it was adopted by the broadcasters at the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) in 1922, at which point it came to be referred to as BBC-English; the aim of which was to adopt neutral language use that was easily comprehensible to a broad audience. Factors such as the shift in social class and hegemony of languages as well as advances in technology have all contributed to acceptance of more varieties of English and a discouragement of negative attitudes towards lesser-known accents and dialects or non-standard language use, particularly in contemporary Britain and in the United States of America.
subject: Einzelsprachliche Artikel
  topic: section
subject: ideology
  topic: keywords
subject: Received Pronunciation
  topic: keywords
subject: language purity
  topic: keywords
subject: discrimination
  topic: keywords
subject: varieties of English
  topic: keywords
subject: native speaker
  topic: keywords
creator: Nina Dumrukcic
creator: Sophie Du Bois
creator: Beatrix Busse
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Handbuch Europäische Sprachkritik Online
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 303
ending page: 317
doi: 10.17885/heiup.heso.2025.5.25230

6.0 Sprachideologien und Sprachkritik im Englischen
type: item
description: Die Sprachideologie bezieht sich auf eine Reihe von Vorstellungen davon und Überzeugungen darüber, wie Sprache zu verwenden ist, ihre Sprecher und die diskursiven Praktiken in dieser Sprachgemeinschaft. Diese Ideologie impliziert ein gewisses Maß an Konsistenz in einer Sprache und ihren standardisierten Normen und dass jede Abweichung von diesen Normen als ‚weniger als das Ideal‘ angesehen werden kann (vgl. den Grundlagenartikel in diesem Band). In diesem Artikel wird ein Überblick darüber gegeben, wie sich der ‚ideale‘ Gebrauch der englischen Sprache im Laufe der Zeit verändert hat und welchen Einfluss verschiedene soziokulturelle Ereignisse in der Geschichte auf diese Entwicklungen hatten, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf der Aussprache liegt. Es wird erörtert, wie das fast imaginäre Konzept eines gesprochenen Standards in der Geschichte des (britischen) Englisch entstanden ist. Ein gesprochener Standard, der als Received Pronunciation (RP) bezeichnet wurde, bildete ein Modell, das von der sozialen Schicht, der Geografie und dem Bildungsniveau beeinflusst wurde. Die Dominanz des RP wurde noch verstärkt, als sie 1922 von den Rundfunkanstalten der British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) übernommen und als BBC-English bezeichnet wurde, mit dem Ziel, einen neutralen Sprachgebrauch zu verwenden, der für ein breites Publikum leicht verständlich ist. Faktoren wie die Verschiebung der sozialen Schicht und die Hegemonie der Sprachen sowie technologische Fortschritte haben dazu beigetragen, dass immer mehr Varietäten des Englischen akzeptiert werden und negative Einstellungen gegenüber weniger bekannten Akzenten und Dialekten oder nicht standardmäßigem Sprachgebrauch abgebaut werden, insbesondere im heutigen Großbritannien und in den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika.
subject: Einzelsprachliche Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Ideologie
  topic: keywords
subject: Received Pronunciation
  topic: keywords
subject: Sprachreinheit
  topic: keywords
subject: Diskriminierung
  topic: keywords
subject: Varietäten des Englischen
  topic: keywords
subject: Muttersprachler
  topic: keywords
creator: Nina Dumrukcic
creator: Sophie Du Bois
creator: Beatrix Busse
creator: Ronja Grebe
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Handbuch Europäische Sprachkritik Online
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 285
ending page: 301
doi: 10.17885/heiup.heso.2025.5.25229

5.4 Jezične ideologije i jezična kritika u njemačkom
type: item
description: U članku se predstavljaju jezične ideologije o kojima se u sklopu germanistike često promišlja i koje su povezane s oblicima jezične kritike. Te su jezične ideologije u uskom međuodnosu s ključnim razdobljima u standardizaciji njemačkog jezika, s promišljanjima o raznolikosti varijeteta i pripadajućim pitanjem prestiža, s izgradnjom nacionalnog jezika, kao i s napetim odnosom između uloga ‘laika’ i stručnjaka, što u 21. stoljeću dovodi do sve izraženijeg znanstvenog pristupa diskursu kao i do sve češćih rasprava o tome je li jezik, odnosno treba li jezik biti ideologičan, ideološki obilježen ili slobodan od ideologije. Kao kondenzati sociokulturno ukorijenjenih jezičnih ideologija jezične su slike pogodne za analizu već učvršćenih koncepata o jeziku te se u germanistici često javljaju kao tipična jezično-povijesna referentna točka za istraživanje jezičnih ideologija. Članak stoga opisuje funkciju jezičnih slika na primjeru jezične slike biljke, koja je prisutna kao relativno stalan obrazac od 17. stoljeća do danas.
subject: Einzelsprachliche Artikel
  topic: section
subject: ideologija
  topic: keywords
subject: nacionalni jezik
  topic: keywords
subject: standardizacija
  topic: keywords
subject: varijeteti
  topic: keywords
subject: jezični prestiž
  topic: keywords
subject: laički diskurs
  topic: keywords
subject: purizam
  topic: keywords
subject: jezični nacionalizam
  topic: keywords
subject: kulturni šovinizam
  topic: keywords
subject: jezični kontakt
  topic: keywords
subject: pluralizam
  topic: keywords
subject: jezična kultura
  topic: keywords
creator: Katharina Jacob
creator: Vanessa Münch
creator: Joachim Scharloth
creator: Iva Petrak
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Handbuch Europäische Sprachkritik Online
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 273
ending page: 283
doi: 10.17885/heiup.heso.2025.5.25228

5.3 Ideologie linguistiche e Sprachkritik in tedesco
type: item
description: In questo articolo vengono presentate le ideologie linguistiche che si riflettono in modo significativo nella germanistica e che sono associate a forme di Sprachkritik. Queste ideologie linguistiche sono strettamente legate alle tappe salienti della standardizzazione del tedesco, alle riflessioni sulla diversità delle varietà e alle relative questioni di prestigio, alla formazione di una lingua nazionale e alla tensione tra i ruoli dei ‘profani’ e degli esperti, che nel XXI secolo sta portando sempre più a una scientificazione del discorso e a un dibattito sempre più ampio, volto a stabilire se la lingua sia o debba essere ideologica, carica o priva di ideologia. In quanto condensati di ideologie linguistiche socioculturalmente radicate, le immagini linguistiche sono adatte per elaborare concetti consolidati sulla lingua e sono un tipico punto di riferimento storico-linguistico in germanistica per l’analisi delle ideologie linguistiche. L’articolo illustra, quindi, la funzione delle immagini linguistiche utilizzando l’immagine linguistica della pianta, che può essere osservata come un modello relativamente costante dal XVII secolo ad oggi.
subject: Einzelsprachliche Artikel
  topic: section
subject: ideologia
  topic: keywords
subject: lingua nazionale
  topic: keywords
subject: standardizzazione
  topic: keywords
subject: varietà
  topic: keywords
subject: prestigio linguistico
  topic: keywords
subject: discorso profano
  topic: keywords
subject: purismo
  topic: keywords
subject: nazionalismo linguistico
  topic: keywords
subject: sciovinismo culturale
  topic: keywords
subject: contatto linguistico
  topic: keywords
subject: pluralismo
  topic: keywords
subject: cultura linguistica
  topic: keywords
creator: Katharina Jacob
creator: Vanessa Münch
creator: Joachim Scharloth
creator: Ilaria Sacconi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Handbuch Europäische Sprachkritik Online
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 261
ending page: 272
doi: 10.17885/heiup.heso.2025.5.25227

5.2 Idéologies linguistiques et Sprachkritik en allemand
type: item
description: Seront présentés dans cet article des idéologies linguistiques qui sont éminemment représentées dans la germanistique et qui sont en lien avec des formes de Sprachkritik. Ces idéologies linguistiques sont étroitement liées aux étapes décisives de la standardisation de l’allemand, aux réflexions portant sur la diversité linguistique et, a fortiori, sur les questions de prestige ; ces idéologies sont liées à la formation d’une langue nationale et à la tension entre rôles de ‹ profanes › et rôles d’experts qui aboutit au 21e siècle à une scientifisation toujours plus grande du discours et qui anime un débat toujours plus large, cherchant à déterminer si la langue est ou doit être idéologique, contrainte ou exempte de toute idéologie. Les représentations que l’on se fait de la langue s’avèrent être des condensés d’idéologie linguistique ancrée socialement et culturellement qui remodèlent des concepts solidement installés portant sur la langue. Ces représentations linguistiques se présentent dans la germanistique comme des prises historico-linguistique typiques pour étudier les idéologies linguistiques. Cet article illustre ainsi ponctuellement la fonction des représentations linguistiques en prenant appui sur la représentation linguistique de la plante qui se révèle être un modèle relativement constant depuis le 17e siècle jusqu’à aujourd’hui.
subject: Einzelsprachliche Artikel
  topic: section
subject: idéologie
  topic: keywords
subject: langue nationale
  topic: keywords
subject: standardisation
  topic: keywords
subject: variétés
  topic: keywords
subject: prestige linguistique
  topic: keywords
subject: discours profane
  topic: keywords
subject: purisme
  topic: keywords
subject: nationalisme linguistique
  topic: keywords
subject: chauvinisme culturel
  topic: keywords
subject: contact linguistique
  topic: keywords
subject: pluralisme
  topic: keywords
subject: culture linguistique
  topic: keywords
creator: Katharina Jacob
creator: Vanessa Münch
creator: Joachim Scharloth
creator: Paul Chibret
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Handbuch Europäische Sprachkritik Online
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 247
ending page: 259
doi: 10.17885/heiup.heso.2025.5.25226

5.0 Sprachideologien und Sprachkritik im Deutschen
type: item
description: In diesem Artikel werden Sprachideologien vorgestellt, die in der Germanistik prominent reflektiert werden und die mit Formen der Sprachkritik verbunden sind. Diese Sprachideologien sind eng verknüpft mit Meilensteinen der Standardisierung des Deutschen, mit Überlegungen zur Varietätenvielfalt und damit verbundenen Prestigefragen, mit der Bildung einer Nationalsprache sowie mit der Spannung zwischen ‚Laien‘- und Expertenrollen, die im 21. Jahrhundert zunehmend in eine Verwissenschaftlichung des Diskurses sowie in eine zunehmende Diskussion darüber mündet, ob Sprache ideologisch, ideologiebelastet oder ideologiefrei ist oder sein soll. Sprachbilder eignen sich als Kondensate soziokulturell verankerter Sprachideologien, um verfestigte Konzepte über Sprache herauszuarbeiten, und sind in der Germanistik ein typischer sprachhistorischer Bezugspunkt, um Sprachideologien zu untersuchen. Der Artikel illustriert daher punktuell die Funktion von Sprachbildern am Sprachbild der Pflanze, das sich als relativ konstantes Muster vom 17. Jahrhundert bis heute beobachten lässt.
subject: Einzelsprachliche Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Ideologie
  topic: keywords
subject: Nationalsprache
  topic: keywords
subject: Standardisierung
  topic: keywords
subject: Varietäten
  topic: keywords
subject: Sprachprestige
  topic: keywords
subject: Laiendiskurs
  topic: keywords
subject: Purismus
  topic: keywords
subject: Sprachnationalismus
  topic: keywords
subject: Kulturchauvinismus
  topic: keywords
subject: Sprachkontakt
  topic: keywords
subject: Pluralismus
  topic: keywords
subject: Sprachkultur
  topic: keywords
creator: Katharina Jacob
creator: Vanessa Münch
creator: Joachim Scharloth
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Handbuch Europäische Sprachkritik Online
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 221
ending page: 232
doi: 10.17885/heiup.heso.2025.5.25225

4.4 Jezične ideologije i jezična kritika u europskoj perspektivi
type: item
description: Jezično-ideološke rasprave i diskursi su u jezicima obrađenim u ovom priručniku (njemačkom, engleskom, francuskom, talijanskom i hrvatskom) povezani s predodžbama o društveno-kulturnom identitetu. Pritom je za one koji na metakomunikativnoj razini promišljaju o jeziku jezične zajednice i jezične institucije u središtu pozornosti bila i ostala adekvatna reprezentacija tog identiteta putem jezika. U petom izdanju priručnika povezujemo koncepte jezične ideologije i jezične kritike s ciljem obuhvaćanja jezično-kritičkih tj. metajezičnih tekstualnih i govornih praksi te s njima povezanih dimenzija društveno-kulturno oblikovanih govornih i pismenih kolektiva koji se odnose na kognitivne funkcije, mentalitete i stavove. Premisa ovog sveska priručnika je da oblici jezične kritike stoje u neposrednom uzajamnom odnosu s jezičnim ideologijama. U komparativnom članku se bavimo sličnostima i razlikama oslanjajući se pritom na sljedeća područja koja su relevantna za jezične ideologije: proces uspostave narodnih odnosno nacionalnih jezika, koji između ostalog utječe na raznolikost varijeteta i popratna pitanja prestiža, njegu jezika, jezični purizam, jezične mislioce, učene krugove, jezične akademije i druge auto ritete (rječnike, gramatike) kao i oblike društvene kritike.
subject: Vergleichsartikel
  topic: section
subject: jezične ideologije
  topic: keywords
subject: ideologija
  topic: keywords
subject: znanje o jeziku
  topic: keywords
subject: jezična svijest
  topic: keywords
subject: promišljanje o jeziku
  topic: keywords
subject: jezična kritika
  topic: keywords
subject: praksa evaluativnog jezičnog promišljanja
  topic: keywords
subject: narodni jezik
  topic: keywords
subject: nacionalni jezik
  topic: keywords
subject: jezična njega
  topic: keywords
subject: jezični purizam
  topic: keywords
subject: jezični mislioci
  topic: keywords
subject: učeni krugovi
  topic: keywords
subject: jezične akademije
  topic: keywords
subject: društvena kritika
  topic: keywords
creator: Jadranka Gvozdanović
creator: Katharina Jacob
creator: Vanessa Münch
creator: Iva Petrak
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Handbuch Europäische Sprachkritik Online
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 207
ending page: 217
doi: 10.17885/heiup.heso.2025.5.25224

4.3 Ideologie linguistiche e Sprachkritik in una prospettiva europea
type: item
description: Le discussioni e i discorsi ideologico-linguistici nelle lingue af frontate nel presente Manuale (ovvero in tedesco, inglese, francese, italiano e croato) sono legati alle idee dell’identità socioculturale. Per i filo sofi del linguaggio, le comunità o le istituzioni linguistiche che riflettono sulla metacomunicazione, la questione dell’adeguata rappresentazione di questa identità attraverso la lingua era e continua a essere in primo piano. Nel quinto volume del Manuale, combiniamo il concetto di ideologie linguistiche con quello di Sprachkritik per individuare pratiche testuali e conversazionali sia critiche che evaluative e le relative dimensioni cognitive, mentali e attitudinali dei gruppi di coloro che parlano e scrivono, influenzati da fattori socioculturali. La tesi del presente volume è che le forme della Sprachkritik sono in diretta correlazione con le ideologie linguistiche. Nell’articolo comparativo analizziamo i punti in comune e le differenze, concentrandoci sulle seguenti aree rilevanti dal punto di vista ideologico-linguistico: l’istituzione di lingue volgari o nazionali, che influisce, tra l’altro, sulla molteplicità delle varietà e sulle questioni di prestigio ad esse associate, la tutela della lingua, il purismo linguistico, i filosofi del linguaggio, i gruppi di eruditi, le accademie linguistiche e altre autorità (vocabolari, grammatiche), nonché le forme di critica sociale.
subject: Vergleichsartikel
  topic: section
subject: ideologie linguistiche
  topic: keywords
subject: ideologia
  topic: keywords
subject: conoscenza linguistica
  topic: keywords
subject: coscienza linguistica
  topic: keywords
subject: riflessione linguistica
  topic: keywords
subject: Sprachkritik
  topic: keywords
subject: prassi di riflessione linguistica valutativa
  topic: keywords
subject: lingua volgare
  topic: keywords
subject: lingua nazionale
  topic: keywords
subject: tutela della lingua
  topic: keywords
subject: purismo linguistico
  topic: keywords
subject: filosofo del linguaggio
  topic: keywords
subject: gruppi di eruditi
  topic: keywords
subject: accademie linguistiche
  topic: keywords
subject: critica sociale
  topic: keywords
creator: Jadranka Gvozdanović
creator: Katharina Jacob
creator: Vanessa Münch
creator: Ilaria Sacconi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Handbuch Europäische Sprachkritik Online
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 195
ending page: 206
doi: 10.17885/heiup.heso.2025.5.25223

4.2 Idéologies linguistiques et Sprachkritik dans une perspective européenne
type: item
description: Les discussions et discours idéologico-linguistiques sont liés, dans les langues traitées ici (à savoir l’allemand, l’anglais, le français, l’italien et le croate), à des représentations de l’identité socio-culturelle. En premier lieu s’est posée et se pose encore le plus souvent la question de la représentation adéquate de cette identité à travers la langue pour des penseurs qui portent une réflexion métacommunicative sur la langue, pour des communautés ou des institutions linguistiques. Dans le cinquième volume de notre manuel, nous relions le concept des idéologies linguistiques à celui de la Sprachkritik pour mieux saisir les pratiques textuelles et conversationnelles de Sprachkritik, c’est-à-dire des réflexions linguistiques, ainsi que les dimensions cognitives, attitudinales qui les accompagnent, qui se rapportent aux mentalités et qui sont le propre de collectifs de locuteurs et de scripteurs marqués socio-culturellement. La thèse du présent volume est que les formes de la Sprachkritik entretiennent une relation d’échanges permanents avec les idéologies linguistiques. Dans l’article comparatif, nous mettons en exergue les points communs et les différences entre les deux et inscrivons notre étude dans les domaines suivants, pertinents pour l’idéologie linguistique : l’établissement de langues nationales et vulgaires, qui touche entre autre à la diversité linguistique et aux questions de prestige qui en résultent, le soin porté à la langue, le purisme linguistique, les penseurs de la langue, les cercles savants, les académies linguistiques et autres autorités (dictionnaires, grammaires) tout comme les formes de la critique sociale.
subject: Vergleichsartikel
  topic: section
subject: idéologies linguistiques
  topic: keywords
subject: idéologie
  topic: keywords
subject: savoir linguistique
  topic: keywords
subject: conscience linguistique
  topic: keywords
subject: réflexion linguistique
  topic: keywords
subject: Sprachkritik
  topic: keywords
subject: pratique de la réflexion normative
  topic: keywords
subject: langue vulgaire
  topic: keywords
subject: langue nationale
  topic: keywords
subject: soin linguistique
  topic: keywords
subject: purisme linguistique
  topic: keywords
subject: penseur de la langue
  topic: keywords
subject: cercles savants
  topic: keywords
subject: académies linguistiques
  topic: keywords
subject: critique sociale
  topic: keywords
creator: Jadranka Gvozdanović
creator: Katharina Jacob
creator: Vanessa Münch
creator: Paul Chibret
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Handbuch Europäische Sprachkritik Online
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 181
ending page: 193
doi: 10.17885/heiup.heso.2025.5.25222

4.1 Language Ideologies and Language Criticism in European Perspective
type: item
description: In the languages addressed in this Handbook (i.e. German, English, French, Italian and Croatian), language ideological debates and discourses are linked to concepts of socio-cultural identity. The burning question for language philosophers as they reflect on metacommunication, as well as for language societies and for language institutions, has been and remains how this identity can be adequately represented through language. In this fifth Handbook, we link the concept of language ideologies to that of language criticism to allow us to identify the textual and discursive practices of language criticism and language reflection, along with the associated cognitive, mentality-related and attitudinal dimensions of socio-culturally influenced discourse and writing collectives. The thesis of this volume is that forms of language criticism are directly interconnected with language ideologies. In the comparative article, we examine commonalities and differences, with a particular focus on the following areas relevant to language ideology: the establishment of vernacular or national languages, which, inter alia, touches on the diversity of variants and its inherent issue of prestige, language preservation, linguistic purism, language philosophers, scholarly circles, language academies and other authoritative sources (dictionaries, grammar textbooks) as well as forms of social criticism.
subject: Vergleichsartikel
  topic: section
subject: language ideologies
  topic: keywords
subject: ideology
  topic: keywords
subject: language related knowledge
  topic: keywords
subject: language awareness
  topic: keywords
subject: language reflection
  topic: keywords
subject: language criticism
  topic: keywords
subject: the practice of subjective metalinguistic reflection
  topic: keywords
subject: vernacular language
  topic: keywords
subject: national language
  topic: keywords
subject: language preservation
  topic: keywords
subject: linguistic purism
  topic: keywords
subject: language philosopher
  topic: keywords
subject: scholarly circles
  topic: keywords
subject: language academies
  topic: keywords
subject: social criticism
  topic: keywords
creator: Jadranka Gvozdanović
creator: Katharina Jacob
creator: Vanessa Münch
creator: Cynthia Dyre
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Handbuch Europäische Sprachkritik Online
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 167
ending page: 179
doi: 10.17885/heiup.heso.2025.5.25220

5.1 Language Ideologies and Language Criticism in German
type: item
description: This article will introduce language ideologies prominently reflected in German Studies and associated with forms of language criticism. These language ideologies are closely linked to milestones in the standardisation of the German language, to thinking surrounding the diversity of variants and the related issue of language prestige, to the establishment of a national language, as well as to the delicate balance between the roles of ‘lay persons’ and experts, which, in the 21st century, has led to an increased academisation of the discourse as well as a growing debate surrounding the question of whether language is or should be ideological, ideologically laden or non-ideological. Figurative language, as a condensate of socio-culturally entrenched language ideologies, lends itself to identifying hardened concepts about language. In German Studies, metaphors are a typical linguistic-historical point of reference in the study of language ideologies. To illustrate the function of metaphoric language, this article will therefore employ the metaphoric image of the plant: an image that has remained a fairly con sistent pattern from the 17th century until the present.
subject: Einzelsprachliche Artikel
  topic: section
subject: ideology
  topic: keywords
subject: national language
  topic: keywords
subject: standardisation
  topic: keywords
subject: variants
  topic: keywords
subject: language prestige
  topic: keywords
subject: lay discourse
  topic: keywords
subject: linguistic purism
  topic: keywords
subject: linguistic nationalism
  topic: keywords
subject: cultural chauvinism
  topic: keywords
subject: language contact
  topic: keywords
subject: pluralism
  topic: keywords
subject: language culture
  topic: keywords
creator: Katharina Jacob
creator: Vanessa Münch
creator: Joachim Scharloth
creator: Cynthia Dyre
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Handbuch Europäische Sprachkritik Online
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 233
ending page: 245
doi: 10.17885/heiup.heso.2025.5.25219

4.0 Sprachideologien und Sprachkritik in europäischer Perspektive
type: item
description: Sprachideologische Diskussionen und Diskurse sind in den hier behandelten Sprachen (also im Deutschen, Englischen, Französischen, Italienischen und Kroatischen) an Vorstellungen der soziokulturellen Identität gebunden. Im Vordergrund stand und steht für metakommunikativ reflektierende Sprachdenker, Sprachgemeinschaften oder Sprachinstitutionen meist die Frage der adäquaten Repräsentation dieser Identität durch Sprache. Im fünften Handbuchband verbinden wir das Konzept der Sprachideologien mit dem der Sprachkritik, um sprachkritische bzw. sprachreflexive Text- und Gesprächspraktiken und die damit verbundenen kognitiven, mentalitätsbezogenen und attitudinalen Dimensionen soziokulturell geprägter Sprech- bzw. Schreibkollektive zu erfassen. Die These des vorliegenden Bandes ist, dass Formen der Sprachkritik im unmittelbaren Wechselverhältnis zu Sprachideologien stehen. Im Vergleichsartikel arbeiten wir Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede heraus und orientieren uns dabei an folgenden sprachideologisch relevanten Bereichen: Etablierung von Volks- bzw. Nationalsprachen, die u. a. die Varietätenvielfalt und damit einhergehende Prestigefragen tangiert, Sprachpflege, Sprachpurismus, Sprachdenker, Gelehrtenkreise, Sprachakademien und andere Autoritäten (Wörterbücher, Grammatiken) sowie Formen der Gesellschaftskritik.
subject: Vergleichsartikel
  topic: section
subject: Sprachideologien
  topic: keywords
subject: Ideologie
  topic: keywords
subject: sprachbezogenes Wissen
  topic: keywords
subject: Sprachbewusstsein
  topic: keywords
subject: Sprachreflexion
  topic: keywords
subject: Sprachkritik
  topic: keywords
subject: Praxis wertender Sprachreflexion
  topic: keywords
subject: Volkssprache
  topic: keywords
subject: Nationalsprache
  topic: keywords
subject: Sprachpflege
  topic: keywords
subject: Sprachpurismus
  topic: keywords
subject: Sprachdenker
  topic: keywords
subject: Gelehrtenkreise
  topic: keywords
subject: Sprachakademien
  topic: keywords
subject: Gesellschaftskritik
  topic: keywords
creator: Jadranka Gvozdanović
creator: Katharina Jacob
creator: Vanessa Münch
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Handbuch Europäische Sprachkritik Online
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 153
ending page: 165
doi: 10.17885/heiup.heso.2025.5.25218